Micro L - Salmonella

Front 1

what characterisitics do the enterobacteriaceae family share?

Back 1

facultative anaerobes, ferment glucose, oxidase negative, reduce nitrates to nitrites

Front 2

do salmonella form spores?

Back 2

no

Front 3

do salmonella ferment lactose?

Back 3

no

Front 4

do salmonella produce H2S?

Back 4

yes

Front 5

what shape are salmonella?

Back 5

rods

Front 6

what are the antigens present on salmonella

Back 6

H, O, and Vi (typhi only)

Front 7

how many serotypes of Salmonella typhi are there?

Back 7

one

Front 8

how many sero types of salmonella choleraesuis are there?

Back 8

one

Front 9

how many serotypes of salmonella enteritidis are there?

Back 9

many

Front 10

what are the three clinically distinguishable syndromes caused by salmonella (in humans)

Back 10

enteric fevers, septicemias, and acute gastroenteritis

Front 11

what do most serotypes of salmonella cause?

Back 11

acute gastroenteritis

Front 12

which needs a higher inoculum for disease: salmonella or shigella?

Back 12

salmonella

Front 13

is salmonella typhi intracellular or extracellular?

Back 13

intracellular

Front 14

how is salmonella contracted?

Back 14

ingestion of contaminated food or water

Front 15

what does the oxidase test indicate?

Back 15

the presence or absence of cytochrome oxidase

Front 16

are pseudomonas and neisseria oxidase positive or negative?

Back 16

positive

Front 17

do salmonella and shigella ferment lactose?

Back 17

no

Front 18

do proteus and providencia ferment lactose?

Back 18

no

Front 19

do e coli and klebsiella ferment lactose?

Back 19

yes

Front 20

do serratia and citrobacter ferment lactose?

Back 20

yes

Front 21

do salmonella and shigella both have flagella?

Back 21

only salmonella

Front 22

does salmonella produce H2S?

Back 22

yes

Front 23

what is the Vi antigen?

Back 23

a capsule component found only in S. typhi

Front 24

what color are salmonella and E coli colonies on macconkey agar?

Back 24

salmonella is white, e coli is pink

Front 25

what laboratory results allow you to diagnose salmonella?

Back 25

lac negative, gram negative, ferments glucose, gas positive

Front 26

which is indole positive, e coli or salmonella?

Back 26

e coli positive, salmonella negative

Front 27

are salmonella and proteus urease negative?

Back 27

salmonella is negative, proteus is positive

Front 28

what are the flagella of salmonella and shigella like?

Back 28

shigella no flagella, salmonella peritrichous

Front 29

what are the symptoms of salmonella enteric fever?

Back 29

malaise, anorexia, headache, and fever. skin rash (rose spots), abdominal tenderness, leukopenia

Front 30

what is the incubation period for salmonella enteric fever?

Back 30

7-14 days

Front 31

what strain of salmonella causes enteric fever?

Back 31

s. typhi

Front 32

what are later consequences of infection with s typhi?

Back 32

sever intestinal hemorrhage, osetomyelitis (in people with sickle cell anemia)

Front 33

what is the infectious process for s. typhi?

Back 33

reach the small intestine and multiply in peyer's patches, then get into intestinal lypmphatics and travel to the spleen, bore marrow, and gall bladder

Front 34

what component of s. typhi causes symptoms?

Back 34

endotoxins

Front 35

can you get subclinical s. typhi?

Back 35

yes

Front 36

what is the timeline of stool and blood culture reactions for s. typhi?

Back 36

stool cultures positive before symptoms, then blood cultures positive, then stool cultures positive again (late stages or carrier state)

Front 37

how is the diagnosis of s. typhi made?

Back 37

isolate the organism in blood, stool, or utin, test for elevated/rising O and H antigens between the 1st and 3rd week, test for Vi antigen

Front 38

what is the treatment for S. typhi?

Back 38

fluoroquinolones (ciprofloaxin), 3rd generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone), second line is chloramphenicol, ampicillin

Front 39

what is the treatment for S. typhi carriers?

Back 39

amicillin or ciproflaxin or cholecystectomy

Front 40

what vaccines are available for s. typhi?

Back 40

a live attenuated (ora) and Vi capsular (IM)

Front 41

are there animal carriers for S. typhi?

Back 41

no

Front 42

is diarrhea a symptom of S. typhi?

Back 42

no

Front 43

what are the symptoms of Salmonella choleraesuis?

Back 43

high fever and bacteremia with initial gastroenteritis, microabscesses in any tissue

Front 44

how is s. choleraesuis transmitted?

Back 44

ingestion of contaminated food

Front 45

what is the most common infection caused by salmonella?

Back 45

gastroenteritis

Front 46

what is the most common organism in gastroenteritis caused by salmonella?

Back 46

s. typhimurium

Front 47

what are the symptoms of salmonella gastroenteritis?

Back 47

headache, chills, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever

Front 48

what tissues does salmonella gastroenteritis effect?

Back 48

usually limited to the GI tract, symptoms explained by endotoxin

Front 49

what are the animal reservoirs for gastroenteritis caused by salmonella?

Back 49

domestic animals, and they get it from food

Front 50

how is salmonella gastroenteritis contracted?

Back 50

by eating contaminated eggs, poultry, sausage, fruit, juice, other things

Front 51

which strain of salmonella is most commonly involved in egg contamination?

Back 51

salmonella enteritidis

Front 52

how is salmonella gastroenteritis diagnosed?

Back 52

find salmonella in feces, also lac negative, H2S producer, urease and indole negative

Front 53

what is the treatment for immune normal patients with salmonella?

Back 53

replace fluids, it is mostly self-limiting and will resolve in 1-4 days

Front 54

what is the treatment for patients with salmonella and preexisting conditions?

Back 54

antibiotics - ampicillin, 3rd generation cephalosporins, trimethoprim, ciprofloaxicin

Front 55

what laboratory results does shigella generate?

Back 55

lac negative, nonmotile, no H2S, indole and urease negative

Front 56

what two strains of shigella are most common in the US?

Back 56

S. sonnei and S. flexneri

Front 57

what is the animal reservoir for shigella?

Back 57

it doesn't have one

Front 58

how is shigella spread?

Back 58

food, feces, fingers, and flies

Front 59

what is the process of pathogenesis for shigella?

Back 59

invades intestinal epiethelium cells after 1-4 days of incubation

Front 60

which causes bacteremia more frequently - shigella or salmonella?

Back 60

salmonella

Front 61

what cells does shigella invade?

Back 61

those in the ileum and colon

Front 62

does shigella produce an exotoxin?

Back 62

yes, the B unit binds and the A unit activates the 60S ribosome to kill the cell

Front 63

how does shiga toxin cause fluid secretion?

Back 63

blocks fluid uptake by intestinal epithelium

Front 64

are serum agglutins for shigella protective

Back 64

no

Front 65

what are the symptoms of dystentery

Back 65

abdominal cramps, diarrhea, fever, later bloody diarrhea

Front 66

what can be found in the stool with dysentery

Back 66

mucus, blood, PMNs, but not shigella

Front 67

what causes dystentery?

Back 67

shigella

Front 68

what is the treatment for shigella?

Back 68

fluid and electrolyte replacement - disease is usually self-limiting. if sever, cirpofloaxin and trimethoprim-sulfa

Front 69

how can shigella be prevented?

Back 69

sanitation