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134 Cards in this Set
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Micro from FA:
Alcoholic vomits gastric contents and develops foul-smelling sputum. Organism type? |
Anaerobes
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Micro from FA:
Middle aged man presents with acute-onset monoarticular joint pain and bilateral Bell's palsy. What is the likely disease and how did he get it? |
Lyme disease, bite from Ixodes tick
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Micro from FA:
UA of a pt shows WBC casts. What is the diagnosis? |
Pyelonephritis
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Micro from FA:
Patient presents with "rose gardeners" scenario (thorn prick with ulcers along lymphatic drainage) What is the infectious bug? |
Sporothrix schenckii
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Micro from FA:
25 yo medical student has a buring feeling in his gut after meals. Biopsy of gastric mucosa shows gram-neg rods. What is the likely organism? |
Helicobacter pylori
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Micro from FA:
32 yo male has "cauliflower" skin lesions. Tissue biopsy shows broad based yeast. What is the likely organism? |
Blastomyces
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Micro from FA:
Breast-feeding women suddenly develops redness and swelling of her right breast. On examination it is found to be a fluctuant mass. What is the diagnosis? |
Mastitis caused by S.aureus
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Micro from FA:
20yo college student presents with lymphadenopathy, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly. His serum agglutinates sheep RBCs What cell is infected? |
B cell (EBV: infectious mononucleosis)
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Micro from FA:
One hour after eating custard at a picnic, a whole family began to vomit. After 10 hrs they were better. What is the organism? |
S.aureus (produces preformed enterotoxin)
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Micro from FA:
Infant becomes flaccid after eating honey. What organism is implicated and what is the MOA? |
Clostridum botulinum causes inhibited release of ACh
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Micro from FA:
Man presents with squamous cell CA of the penis. He had exposure to what virus? |
HPV
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Micro from FA:
Patient develops endocarditis three weeks after receiving a prosthetic heart valve. What organism is suspected? |
S.epidermis or S.aureus
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Micro from FA:
55yo man who is a heavy smoker and a heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flulike symptoms. Gram stain shows no organisms; silver stain of sputum shows gram neg rods. What is the dx? |
Legionella
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Micro from FA:
After taking clindamycin, patient develops toxic megacolon and diarrhea. What is the mechanism of diarrhea? |
Clostridum difficile overgrowth
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Micro from FA
Function and chemical composition of: Peptidoglycan |
Gives rigid support, protects against osmotic pressure
Sugar backbone with cross-linked peptide side chains |
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Micro from FA
Function and chemical composition of: Cell wall/cell membrane |
Major surface antigen seen in GRAM POSITIVES
Made of: teichoic acid that induces TNF and IL-1 |
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Micro from FA
Function and chemical composition of: Outer membrane |
Major surface antigen of GRAM NEGATIVES
Site of endotoxin (lipopolysaccaride) Made of lipid A which induces TNF and IL-1 |
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Micro from FA
Function and chemical composition of: Plasma membrane |
Site of oxidative and transport enzymes
Made of a lipoprotein bilayer |
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Micro from FA
Function and chemical composition of: Capsule (ex of different composition) |
Protects against phagocytosis
Made of polysaccaride (except for Bacillus anthracis, which contains D-glutamate) |
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Micro from FA
Function and chemical composition of: Periplasm |
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane in gram-neg bacteria
Contains many hydrolytic enzymes, including beta-lactamases |
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Micro from FA
Function and chemical composition of: Pilus/fimbria |
Mediates adherence of bacteria to cell surface;
sex pilus froms attachment between two bacteria during conjugation. Made of glycoprotein |
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Micro from FA
Function and chemical composition of: Spore |
Provides resistance to dehydration, heat, and chemicals
Made with a keratin-like coating and dipicolinic acid |
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Micro from FA
Function and chemical composition of: What is a plasmid? |
Contains a variety of genes fro antibiotic resistance, enzymes, and toxins
Made of DNA |
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Micro from FA
Function and chemical composition of: Glycocalyx |
Mediates adherence to surfaces, especially foreign surfaces (indwelling catheters)
Made of polysaccaride |
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Micro from FA
Function and chemical composition of: IgA proteases |
Allows some organisms to colonize mucosal surfaces:
S.Pneumo, N.Menigitis, N.Gonorrhea, H.Influenza |
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Micro from FA
What cell wall component is unique to gram neg? gram post? |
Gram neg: endotoxin/LPS membrane (outer membrane)
Gram pos: teichoic acid (cell wall) |
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Micro from FA
What five cellular components are common to both gram pos and gram neg? |
Flaggellum
Pilus Capsule Peptidoglycan Cytoplasmic memb |
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Micro from FA
What six bugs don't gram stain well? |
Treponema (too thin to be visualized)
Rickettsia (intracellular parasite) Mycobacteria (high-lipid-content cell wall requires acid-fast stain) Mycoplasma (no cell wall) Legionella pnuemophilia (primary intracellular) Chlamydia (intracellular parasite; lacks muramic acid in cell wall) |
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Micro from FA
Describe the lag, log, stationary, and death curve of bacterioal growth curve? |
Lag: metabolic activity without division
Log: rapid cell division Stationary: nutrient depletion slows growth Death: prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products lead to death |
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Micro from FA
Source of exotoxins and endotoxins? |
Exotoxins: certain species of some gram-neg and gram-positive bacteria
Endotoxins: cell wall of most gram-neg bacteria |
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Micro from FA
Are exotoxins and/or endotoxins secreted from cell? |
Exotoxins: yes
Endotoxins: no |
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Micro from FA
What are exotoxins and endotoxins made of? |
Exotoxins: polypeptide
Endotoxin: lipopolysaccaride |
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Micro from FA
What is the location of genes of an endotoxin? exotoxin? |
Endo: bacterial chromosome
Exotoxin: plasmid or bacteriophage |
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Micro from FA
Describe the differences in toxicity between exotoxins and endotoxins |
Exotoxins are highly toxic
Endo-very low |
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Micro from FA
Describe the differences in antigenicity of exotoxins and endotoxins? |
Exotoxins: highly antigenic
Endotoxins: poorly antigenic |
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Micro from FA
Can toxiods from endotoxins and exotoxins be used in vaccines? |
Exotoxins toxoids can be used in vaccines
Endotoxin toxoids: no toxoids are formed so they are not available |
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Micro from FA
Compare the heat stability of exotoxins and endotoxins? |
Exotoxins: destroyed rapidly at 60C (except for staph enterotoxin)
Endo: stable up to 100C for 1hr |
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Micro from FA
Three typical diseases caused by exotoxins? |
Tetanus
Botulism Diphtheria |
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Micro from FA
Most common cause of endotoxin induced sepsis? |
Meningiococcemia
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Micro from FA
Bugs with exotoxins Two bugs with superantigens? What are superantigens? |
Superantigens: bind directly to MHC II and T-cell receptor, activating large numbers of T-cells to stimulate release of IFN-gamma and IL-2
S.Aureus: TSST-1, entertox SE-A (food), ET A and B (skin wound infections) S.Pyogenes: TSLS from exotoxin A (cellulitis), exo B (necrotizing fascitis), exo C (A,B,and C - scarlett fever post-pharyngitis) |
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Micro from FA
What do ADP ribosylating A-B toxins do and what four bacteria use them? |
ADP ribosylating A-B:
Interfere with host cell function. B (binding) component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell, enabling endocytosis. A (active) component then attaches an ADP-ribosyl to a host cell protein (ADP ribosylation), altering protein function. Corynebacterium diphtheriae Vibrio cholerae E.Coli Bordetella pertussis |
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Micro from FA
ADP ribosylating A-B toxins of Corynebacterium diphtheriae: |
Inactivates elongation factor (EF-2); similar to Pseudomonas exotoxin A
Causes pharanygitis and "psuedomembrane" in throat |
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Micro from FA
ADP ribosylating A-B toxins of Vibria cholera? |
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase;
increases pumping of Cl- and H2O into gut Causes voluminous rice-water diarrhea (not blood) |
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Micro from FA
ADP ribosylating A-B toxins of E.Coli? |
E.Coli: heat-liable toxin stimulates adenylate cyclase (cholera-like mechanism), causing watery diarrhea.
Heat-stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase. (similar to beta adrenergic receptor G protein increasing cAMP) "Liable like the air, stable like the ground" |
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Micro from FA
ADP ribosylating A-B toxins of Bordetella pertussis? |
Stimulates adenylate cyclase; cause whooping cough; inhibits chemokine receptor, causing lymphocytosis.
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Micro from FA
What toxin does Clostridium perfringens produce? |
Clostridum perfringens: alpha toxin causes gas gangrene
Get double zone of hemolysis on blood agar |
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Micro from FA
What toxin does C.tetani produce? |
C.Tetani: blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine; cause "lockjaw"
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Micro from FA
What toxin does C.botulinum produce? |
C.Botulinum: blocks the release of ACh;
causes anticholinergic symptoms, CNS paralysis especially CN; spores found in canned food, honey (causes floppy baby) |
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Micro from FA
What toxin does Bacillus anthracis produces? |
1-toxin in the toxin complex and it is an adenylate cyclase.
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Micro from FA
What toxin does Shigella produce? Other bacteria assoc. |
Shiga toxin (also produced by E.Coli O157:H7) cleaves host cell rRNA
Enhances cytokine release, causing HUS |
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Micro from FA
What other toxin (nonsuperantigen) does S.Pyogenes make? |
Streptolysin O is a hemolysin; antigen ASO antibody in rheumatic fever.
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Micro from FA
Describe the multiple effects of endotoxins? |
Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide found in cell wall of gram-neg bacteria.
N-dotoxin is an integral part of gram-Negative cell wall. Endotoxin is heat stable. Lipid A: activates macrophages (IL-1, TNF, NO), activates complement (C3a for hypotension and edema, C5a neutrophil chemotaxis), activated Hageman factor (activates coagulation cascade --> DIC) |
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Micro from FA
What ferments maltose and glucose? |
MeninGococci
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Micro from FA
What ferments just glucose? |
Gonococci ferment Glucose
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Micro from FA
Produces yellow pigment? |
S. Aureus
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Micro from FA
Produces blue-green pigment? |
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
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Micro from FA
Produces red pigment? |
Serratia marcescens (thik maraschino cherries)
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Micro from FA
Culture requirement for: H.Influenza N.Gonorrhea B.Pertussis C.Diphtheriea M.Tuberculosis |
H.flu: chocalate agar (with factors V and X)
N.gon: Thayer Martin media B.Pertussis: Bordet-Gengou potato agar C.Diphtheriae: tellurite plate, Loffler's medium, blood agar M.Tuberculosis: Lowenstein-Jensen agar |
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Micro from FA
What culture is used on lactose fermenting enterics (2 examples) |
lactose fermenting enterics: E.Coli, Enterobacter
Pink colonies on MacConkey's agar |
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Micro from FA
What media does legionella use? |
Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with increased iron and cysteine.
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Micro from FA
What media is used to see fungi? |
Sabouraud's agar
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Micro from FA
What four bacteria use Giemsa stains? |
Borrelia
Plasmodium Trypanosomes Chlamydia |
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Micro from FA
What two things does PAS stain? What is this used to dx? |
Glycogen and mucopolysaccarides
Used to dx Whipples |
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Micro from FA
Ziehl-Neelsen stain is used to see what? |
Acid-fast bacteria
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Micro from FA
India ink is used to ID: |
Cryptococcus neoformans
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Micro from FA
Silver stain is used to see what three things? |
Fungi
PCP Legionella |
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Micro from FA
Compare conjugation and transduction? |
Conjugation and transduction: both involve only prokaryotic organisms
Conjugation has direct transfer of DNA from cell to cell. And the DNA that is transferred is in either chromosomal or plasmid In transduction: genes are transfered via a phage and any type of DNA can be used (unless it is "specialized transduction) |
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Micro from FA
Transformation occurs how and what kind of DNA is used? |
Transformation: purified DNA is taken up by a cell
This can occur in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and it uses any DNA. |
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Micro from FA
What is transposition? |
When DNA is transferred to same or another chromosome or plasmid within a cell.
This can occur using prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and DNA SEQUENCES are used ("jumping genes") |
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Micro from FA
What is lysogeny and what four bacteria posses it? |
Genetic code for bacterial toxin encoded in a lysogenic phage.
Botulinum toxin Cholera toxin Diphtheria toxin Erythrogenic toxin of Strept pyogenes |
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Micro from FA
What are obligate aerobes? |
Obligate aerobes use an O2 dependant system to generate ATP.
Nocardia Psuedomonas aeruginosa Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillus Nagging Pests Must Breathe |
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Micro from FA
Describe the characterisitics of obligate anaerobes? |
They lack catalase and/or superoxide dismutase and thus are susceptible to oxidative damage.
Foul smelling (short-chain fatty acids) Difficult to culture Produce gas in tissue (CO2 and H2) They are normal flora in GI tract. AminO2glycosides are ineffective against anaerobes because these antibiotics requires O2 to enter into bacterial cells. |
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Micro
What are the four lactose fermenting enteric bacteria? |
Lactose is KEE
Klebsiella E.Coli Enterobacter and Citrobacter |
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Micro
Compare Salmonella and Shigella: |
Both are lactose non-fermenters; both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause bloody diarrhea.
Only salMonella is Motile and can invade further and disseminate hematogenously. Symptoms of Salmonella may be prolonged with antibiotic treatments, and there is typically a monocyte response. Shigell is more virulent than Salmonella "Salmon swim (motile and disseminate). Salmonella has an animal reservoir; Shigella does not and is transmitted via "Food, Fingers, Feces, and Flies" |
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Micro
What is a bacteria that is common in daycare outbreaks? |
Yersinia enterocolitic
Usually transmitted from pet feces (eg puppies), contaminated milk, or pork. Can mimic Crohn's or appendicitis |
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Micro
What 8 bugs cause food poisoning? |
1. Vibro parahemolyticus and V.Vulnificus - contaminated seafood
2. Bacillus cereus: reheated rice 3. S.Aureus: in meats, mayonnaise, custard (food poisoning starts quickly and ends quickly) 4. C.Perfringens: reheated meat dishes 5. C.botulinum: improperly canned foods (bulging cans) 6. E.Coli 0157:H7 in undercooked meat 7. Salmonella: poultry, meat, and eggs |
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Micro
Bugs causing bloody diarrhea: (8) |
Bloody diarrhea:
1. Campylobacter: comma- or S-shaped organisms; growth at 42 degrees; oxidase positive 2. Salmonella: motile, lactose neg 3. shigella: nonmotile, lactose neg, very low ID50; causes dysentery 4. Enterohemorrhagic E.Coli: shiga-like toxin; can cause HUS 5. Enteroinvasive E.coli: O157:H7, invades colonic mucosa 6. Yersinia enterocolitica: day-care outbreaks, psuedoappendicitis 7. C.Diff: pseudomembraneous colitis 8. Entamoeba histolytica: protozoan |
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Micro
Four cAMP inducer bacteria: |
1. Vibrio Cholerae (toxin perminantly activates Gs causing rice water diarrhea)
2. Pertussis toxin: permanently disables Gi causing whooping cough. It also promotes lymphocytosis by inhibiting chemokine receptors. 3. EColi: heat liable toxin (first three toxins act via ADP ribosylation that permanently activates adenyl cyclase) --> increases cAMP 4. Bacillus anthracis toxin is composed of an edema factor, a bacterial adenylate cyclase (increases cAMP) "Cholera toxin that "on" on Pertussis turns the "off" off" |
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Micro
Parasite hints: Brain cysts, seizures |
Taenia solium (cysticercosis)
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Micro
Parasite hints: Liver cysts |
Echinococcus granulosus
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Micro
Parasite hints: B12 deficiency |
Diphyllobothrium latum
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Micro
Parasite hints: Hemoptysis |
Paragonimus westermani
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Micro
Parasite hints: Portal HTN |
Schistosoma mansoni
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Micro
Parasite hints: Hematuria, bladder CA |
Schistosoma haematobium
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Micro
Parasite hints: Microcytic anemia |
Ancylostoma, Necator
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Micro
Parasite hints: Perianal pruritus |
Enterobius
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Micro
Tricky T's: compare Chlamydia TRACHomatis TRICHomonas vaginalis TRICHinella spiralis TRYPanosoma TREPonema |
Chlamydia TRACHomatis: bacteria, STD
TRICHomonas vaginalis: protozoan, STD TRICHinella spiralis: worm in undercooked meat TRYPanosoma: cause of Chagus' disease or African sleeping sickness TREPonema: spirocete; causes syphilis (T.Pallidum) or yaws (T.Pertenue) |
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Micro
DNA viral genomes |
All DNA viruses except the Parvoviridae are dsDNA.
All are linear except papovaviruses and hepadnaviruses (circular) "All are dsDNA (like our cells), except "part-of-a-virus" (parvovirus) is ssDNA" |
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Micro
RNA viral genome |
All RNA viruses except Reoviridae are ssRNA
All are ssRNA (like our mRNA) except "REpeatOvirus" - reovirus is dsRNA |
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Micro
Naked viral genome infectivity |
Nake nucleic acids of most dsDNA (except poxviruses and HBV) and (+) strand ssRNA (mRNA) viruses are infectious.
Naked nucleic acids of (-) strand ssRNA and dsRNA viruses are not infectious. Naked (=nonenveloped) RNA viruses include Calicivirus, Picornavirus, and Reovirus. (Naked CPR) |
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Micro
Enveloped viruses |
Generally, enveloped viruses acquire their envelops from plasma membrane when they exit from cell.
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Micro
Explain virus ploidy |
All viruses are haploid (with 1 copy of DNA or RNA) except retroviruses, which have 2 identical ssRNA molecules (=diploid)
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Micro
Compare the location of DNA virus replication and RNA virus replication |
DNA viruses: all repicate in the nucleus (except poxvirus)
RNA viruses: all replicate in the cytoplasm (except influenza and retroviruses) |
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Micro
Rules and exceptions for DNA viruses |
Some general rules: all DNA viruses -
1. are HHAPPPy viruses (Hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Papova) 2. are double stranded (except Parvo - single) 3. are linear (except Papovavirus which is circular and supercoiled and Hepadna which is circular and incomplete 4. are icosahedral (except Pox which is circular) 5. replicate in the nucleus (except Pox which carries own DNA dependant RNA polymerase) |
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Micro
What are the six naked DNA viruses? |
You need to be naked for PAP smear:
Parvo Adeno Papova |
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Micro
What are the three enveloped DNA viruses |
HPH
Hepadna Pox Herpes |
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Micro
List the 8 live attenuated viruses vaccines: |
1. measles
2. mumps 3. rubella 4. Sabin polio 5. VZV (for immunocompromised children) 6. yellow fever 7. small pox 8. adenovirus |
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Micro
What are the for Killed vaccines? |
Killed:
"RIP Always" 1. Rabies 2. Influenza 3. salk Polio 4. hAv "SalK = Killed" |
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Micro
What are the three egg based vaccines? |
FRY and egg
Flu mmR Yellow fever |
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Micro
Name one recombinant viral vaccine: |
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAG)
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Micro
What vaccine is most commonly assoc with post vaccine lymphadenitis? |
Measles (will see Warthin-Finkeldy giant cells in measles or from live attenuated virus; they are formed from the fusion of lymphocytes)
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Micro
Recombination |
Recombination:
Exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology |
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Micro
Reassortment |
When viruses with segmented genomes (eg influenza virus) exchange segments.
This is a high frequency recombination and the cause of worldwide pandemics. |
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Micro
Complementation |
When 1 of 2 viruses that infect the cell has a mutation that results in a nonfunctional protein.
The nonmutated virus "compleemtns" the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both virus. |
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Micro
Phenotypic mixing |
Genome of virus A can be coated with the surface proteins of virus B.
Type B protein coat determines the infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus. However, the progeny from this infection has a type A coat and is encoded by its type A genetic material. |
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Micro
Tzanck test |
A smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells.
Used to assay for HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV. "Tzanck heavens I do not have herpes" |
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Micro
Describe characteristics of HAV: |
HAV: RNA picornavirus
ss+RNA, icosahedral, no env transmitted fecal-oral short incubation (3wks) no carriers "Hep A = Asymptomatic, Acute, Alone (no carriers, naked ssRNA)" |
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Micro
Describe characteristics of HBV: |
HBV: (DNA hepadnavirus)
transmitted primarily by parenteral, sexual, and maternal-fetal routes. Long incubation (3mths) Carriers Reverse transcription occurs Virion enzyme is a DNA-dependant DNA polymerase |
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Micro
Describe characteristics of HCV |
HCV: RNA flavivirus
transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity Carriers Common cause of IV drug use hepatitis in the US |
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Micro
Describe characteristics of HDV |
HDV (delta agent)
Defective virus that requires HBsAg as its envelop Carriers |
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Micro
Describe characteristics of HEV |
HEV: (RNA calcivirus)
Transmitted enterically and causes water-borne epidemics Resembles HAV in course, severity, incubation. High mortality rate in pregnany women "Hep E: Enteric, Expectant mothers, Epidemics" "A and E by fecal-oral route - the vowels hit the bowels" |
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Micro
Both HBV and HCV predispose patients to what: |
HBV and HCV predispose a patient to chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Micro
HIV Immunity: CCR5 |
Homozygous: immunity
Heterozygous: slower course |
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Micro
HIV Immunity: CXCR1 |
Mutation that causes a rapid progressioin to AIDS
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Micro
What are prions? |
Prions: infectious agents that do not contain RNA or DNA (consist only of proteins); encoded by cellular genes.
Diseases include Cretzfeldt-Jakob diseae (CJD-rapid progressive dementia), kuru, scrapie (sheep), and "mad cow disease". Normal prions have an alpha-helix conformation; pathologic prions (like CJD) are beta-pleated sheets. |
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Micro
What are the normal dominant flora of the: Skin Nose Oropharynx Dental plaque Colon Vagina |
Skin: s. epidermidis
nose: s. aureus oropharynx: viridans streptococci dental plaque: strep mutans colon: bacteroides fragilis > e.coli vagina: lactobacillus, colonized by E.coli and group B strep |
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Micro
Describe the progression to HIV encephalopathy: |
Occurs late in the course of HIV infection.
Virus gains access to the CNS via infected macrophages. Forms microglial nodules with multinucleated giant cells |
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Micro
Describe the CSF findings in meningitis: Bacterial, Fungal/TB, Viral? |
Bacterial:
pressure increases increase PMN's increase protein decrease sugar Fungal/TB Increase pressure Increase lymphocytes Increase protein Decrease sugar Viral: pressure normal to increased increased lymphocytes normal protein normal sugar |
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Micro
If given no other information: what is the cause of osteomyelitis? |
S.Aureus
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Micro
Top three causes of UTI's in ambulatory women: |
E.coli
Klebsella Staph Saprophyticus |
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Micro
Top five causes of UTI's in women in the hospital: |
E.Coli
Proteus Klebsella Serratia Pseudomonas |
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Micro
Mneumonic for UTI's and their clinical findings: |
SSEEK PP
Serratia Marcescens: some strains produce a red pigment Staphylococcus Saprophyticus E.Coli: leading cause of UTI's and colonies show a metallic sheen on EMB agar Enterobacter cloacae: often nosocomial and drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: large mucoid capsule and viscous capsule Proteus mirabilis: motility causes "swarming" on agar; produces urease; associated with struvite stones (no vaginitis) Pseudomonas aeruginosa: blue-green pigment and fruity odor; usually nosocomial and drug resistant |
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Micro
Two diagnostic markers for UTI's? |
Leukocyte esterase: positive = bacterial
Nitrite test: positive = gram neg. |
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Micro
Compare the clinical findings of these STD's: Gonorrhea Primary syphilis Genital herpes Chlamydia Trichomoniasis |
Gonorrhea: urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatitis, epididymitis, arthritis, creamy purulent discharge
Primary syphilis: painless chancre Genital herpes: painful penile, vulvar, or cervical ulcers (HSV-2_ Chlamydia: urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivitis, Reiter's syndrome, PID (note: no peptidoglycan wall so cephalosporins not effective; can't make ATP) - D-K Trichomoniasis: vaginitis, strawberry colored mucosa (flaggelated with corkscrew motility) |
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Micro
What does lymphogranuloma venereum cause? |
STD from C.trachomatis (L1-L3)
Ulcers Lymphadenopathy rectal strictures |
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Micro
Condylomata acuminata |
Causes genital warts and koilocytes.
Caused by HPV 6 and 11 |
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Micro
What is a chancroid? |
Painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy
Caused by: Haemophilus ducreyi |
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Micro
What STD causes a noninflammatory, malodorous discharge (fishy smell)? Tests? |
Gardnerella Vaginalis (postive whiff test, presence of clue cells)
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Micro
Bug hints: Pus, empyema |
Staph aureus
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Micro
Bug hints: Pediatric infection |
Haemophilus influenza (including epiglottis)
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Micro
Bug Hints Pnuemonia in cystic fibrosis? |
Pseudomonase aeruginosa
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Micro
Bug hints Branching rods in oral infection |
Actinomyces israelii
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Micro
Currant jelly sputum |
Klebsiella
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Micro
Sepsis/meningitis in newborn |
group B strep
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