Micro Finals

Front 1

Inflammation or infection of the brain is called?

Back 1

Encephalitis

Front 2

Which of the following is not one of the three most common causes of bacterial meningitis?

Back 2

Escherichia coli

Front 3

The mechanism of action of botulinum toxin:

Back 3

Prevention of the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

Front 4

The mechanism of action of tetanospasmin:

Back 4

inhibition of the realase of neurotransmitter for synapses

Front 5

Paralytic poliomyelitis is due to involvement of the :

Back 5

destruction of the motor neuron in the anterior horn of the spinal cord or destruction of the motor cortex of the brain

Front 6

To treat patients who have ingested botulism toxin, large doses of what must be administered?

Back 6

antitoxin

Front 7

A major symptom in patients experiencing botulism is what of the limbs and respiratory muscles?

Back 7

Paralysis

Front 8

Opisthotonus refers to what and caused by what?

Back 8

Arching of the back; tetanus

Front 9

Commonly associated with home-made canned foods and smoked fish is what?

Back 9

Clostridium botulinum

Front 10

This microbe cannot be grown in artificial laboratory medium:

Back 10

Mycobacterium leprae

Front 11

Active immunization for tetanus is?

Back 11

Toxiod

Front 12

Flaccid paralysis is a symptom of?

Back 12

Botulism, rabies and poliomyelitis

Front 13

The mode of transmission for poliomyelitis is?

Back 13

Fecal-oral

Front 14

Mode of transmission of Hansen's disease is?

Back 14

Inhalation of respiratory aerosols

Front 15

The organism Clostridium tetani multiplies in would site only under what conditions?

Back 15

Anaerobic

Front 16

What is the probable Causative agent when getting meningitis as an infection from raising birds?

Back 16

Fungi

Front 17

What type of fungi is the probable Causative agent when getting meningitis as an infection from raising birds?

Back 17

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 18

Which of the organisms is acquired through inhalation of spores from Pigeon droppings?

Back 18

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 19

One characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans is its?

Back 19

Encapsulated

Front 20

The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans can be demonstrated by what type of stain?

Back 20

India ink

Front 21

What is the Etiologic Agent of Gonorrhea

Back 21

Neisseria gonnorhea

Front 22

What is a gram negative kidney shapes diplococcus?

Back 22

Neisseria Gonorrhea

Front 23

What is and Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrom?

Back 23

AIDS?

Front 24

This is a form of botulism that usually associated with ingestion of unpasteurized honey.

Back 24

Infant Botulism

Front 25

Clostridium tetani has what type of appearance?

Back 25

Tennis racket

Front 26

An infection and inflammation of the brain and meninges?

Back 26

Meningoenchephalitis

Front 27

A gram positive bacilli that are cold loving?

Back 27

Listeria Monocytogenes

Front 28

A gram negative coffee bean-shaped diplococcus

Back 28

Neisseria meningitides

Front 29

A disease that caused by Neisseria mengitidis

Back 29

Meningococeerna

Front 30

Other terms for encephalitis

Back 30

Aseptic Meningitis

Front 31

Laboratory test for leprosy

Back 31

Skin slit/smear test

Front 32

An antiviral drug for poliomyelitis

Back 32

Plecomavil

Front 33

Rabies virus consist of what shaped

Back 33

Bullet

Front 34

Clostridium tetani has what appearance?

Back 34

Tennis Racket

Front 35

Two classification of leprosy

Back 35

< 5 patches - Paucibacillary

> 5 patches - Multibacillary

Front 36

What is the 3 Cardinal signs of leprosy

Back 36

White and reddish patches, weakness of muscles and loss of sensation of the nerve endings, positive signs of smear test

Front 37

What are the multi drug therapy regimen for Paucibacillary leprosy

Back 37

Rafampicin and dapsone

Front 38

What are the 3 clinical Findings in tetanus

Back 38

Lock jaw, sardonic smile, opisthotonus

Front 39

What is the 3 neurological manifestations that appear after 2-10 days on patient that is infected with rabies.

Back 39

Restlessness, hydrophobic, hallucination

Front 40

What is the two post exposure prophylaxis for rabies?

Back 40

Washing with antibacterial soap and water, and needs to be injected with anti Rabbies vaccine

Front 41

Aspirin should not be given to children for most viral disease because the drug may cause what?

Back 41

Reyes Syndrome

Front 42

SARS can be

Back 42

Can be spread through close person to person contact

Front 43

COPD means?

Back 43

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Front 44

An inflammation of the bronchi is?

Back 44

Bronchitis

Front 45

A recurrent bacterial infection that is often precipitated by viral infection?

Back 45

Bronchitis

Front 46

The most common cause of chronic bronchitis

Back 46

Streptococcus pneumonia

Front 47

An inflammation on the bronchioles

Back 47

Broncholitis

Front 48

The major cause of bronchiolitis

Back 48

Respiratory Syncitial virus

Front 49

Doc for inflammation on bronchioles

Back 49

Rivavirin

Front 50

An inflammation on the lung parenchyma

Back 50

Pneumonia

Front 51

Etiologic agent that cause pneumonia in chronic alcoholic individuals

Back 51

Klebsiella Pneumonia

Front 52

One of the major cause of nosocomial pneumonia

Back 52

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 53

The most Etiologic agent of acute bacterial pneumonia

Back 53

Streptococcus pneumonia

Front 54

In viral pneumonia, upon auscultation, what will me heard?

Back 54

Rales

Front 55

The most virulent and invasive strain of Heomophillus influenza

Back 55

H. Influenza type B

Front 56

An inflammation of the epiglottis is exclusively caused by:

Back 56

Heomophillus influenza

Front 57

The smallest free-living organisms that can self - replicate in laboratory media

Back 57

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Front 58

An acute inflammation of the trachea and bronchi

Back 58

Whooping cough

Front 59

The Causative agent of whooping cough

Back 59

Bordetella pertussis

Front 60

The most contagious stage of pertussis

Back 60

Catarrhal stage

Front 61

Doc for pertussis

Back 61

Erythromycin

Front 62

Anti-TB agents/drug for pregnant women with Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB)

Back 62

Isoniazid, Rifamficin, Ethanbutol and Pyrazynamide

Front 63

What is DOT?

Back 63

Directly observed treatment

Front 64

What is PPD

Back 64

Purified Protein Derivative

Front 65

What is RAD means in TB cases?

Back 65

return after default

Front 66

What is Potts disease?

Back 66

Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis

Front 67

What is emphyzema

Back 67

Lung abcess

Front 68

3 sypmstoms experience by the patient with pertussis during paroxyxms(forceful hacking)

Back 68

Turn bluish color, tongue pertrudes, eyes bulges, neck vein engorge

Front 69

Signs and symptoms of PTB

Back 69

Loss of appetite, night sweats, sudden weight loss, easy fatigability

Front 70

What is the inflammation of the mucosa lining of the stomach?

Back 70

Gastritis

Front 71

What is the inflammation of the small intestines

Back 71

Enteritis

Front 72

What is the inflammation of the mucosa lining of the stomach and the small intestine

Back 72

Gastroenteritis

Front 73

What is the inflammation of Liver?

Back 73

Hepatitis

Front 74

What is a low volume of feces, painful and bloody diarrhea

Back 74

Dysentery

Front 75

What is the Etiologic agent of Oral Thrush

Back 75

Candia albicans

Front 76

What is the Signs and symptoms of oral trush

Back 76

White patches adherent to the oral mucosa or the tongue, lips gums or palate

Front 77

What factors that predispose to the development of oral thrush?

Back 77

Prolonged use of antibiotics and steroids, malnutrition, diabetes

Front 78

What is the DOC for oral thrush?

Back 78

Nystatin

Front 79

What is another name for Epidemic Parotitis? Or inflammation of the parotid Glands?

Back 79

Mumps

Front 80

What is the Etiologic agent of mumps?

Back 80

Mumps virus

Front 81

What are the two significant complications of Mumps?

Back 81

Orchitis, bilateral orchitis, meningitis

Front 82

What is the inflammation of the testes?

Back 82

Orchitis

Front 83

What is the inflammation of both testes that can lead to sterility?

Back 83

Bilateral orchitis

Front 84

How do you prevent Mumps?

Back 84

By getting MMR vaccine at 12-15 moth of age

Front 85

What are the signs and symptoms of Hepatitis?

Back 85

Fever, anorexia, Jaundice, dark urine, pale feces

Front 86

What type of Hepatitis are children most frequently infected with?

Back 86

Hepa A

Front 87

What is an increase IgM antibody indicates in HAV patient?

Back 87

Signifies active infection

Front 88

What is an increase IgG antibody indicates in HAV patient?

Back 88

Suggest previous infection

Front 89

How do you prevent HAV

Back 89

HAV vaccine

Front 90

How is HAV vaccine given

Back 90

Two doses; initial dose followed by a booster dose 6-12mo later

Front 91

How is HBV different from other Hepatitis virus?

Back 91

It the only DNA virus and more severe the HAV

Front 92

What type of Hepatitis is most common among IV drug abusers?

Back 92

HCV or Hepatitis C

Front 93

Which hepatitis is considered as a viral parasite?

Back 93

HDV

Front 94

What type of infection does a patient have if their infected with both HDV and HBV at the same time?

Back 94

Co-infection

Front 95

What type of infection does a patient have if they're previously infected with HBV and becomes infected with HDV?

Back 95

Super infection

Front 96

What is the major cause on enteric hepatitis?

Back 96

HEV

Front 97

What type of Hepatitis that may Lower mortality rate in HIV patients?

Back 97

HGV

Front 98

What is the Etiologic agent of Gastritis

Back 98

Helicobacter pylori

Front 99

If the patient has recurrent pain in the upper abdomen, accompanied by bleeding into GIT, what might they have

Back 99

Gastritis

Front 100

What is the therapy for Gastritis?

Back 100

Triple therapy with metronidazole bismuth salts, and either amoxicillin or tetracycline for 14 days

Front 101

What is an increase in stool mass, stool frequency and/or stool fluidity?

Back 101

Diarrhea

Front 102

What is another name for food poisoning?

Back 102

Bacterial enterocolitis

Front 103

Which bacteria producing diarrhea causes the most abdominal pain?

Back 103

Clostridium perfringens

Front 104

What is the Etiologic agent for syphilis?

Back 104

Treponema pallidum

Front 105

What is the mode of transmission of syphilis?

Back 105

Direct sexual contact, congenital, blood transfussion

Front 106

What is the highly infectious stage of syphilis and can Chancre can be found?

Back 106

Primary Syphilis

Front 107

In what stage of suphilis can you find a flu-like symptoms and generalized mucocutaneous rash?

Back 107

Secondary Syphilis

Front 108

This stage of syphilis is where the patient is asymptomatic and may have reactivation of secondary or may progress to tertiary syphilis?

Back 108

Latent Syphilis

Front 109

This stage of syphilis is characterized by skin gummas, aortic aneurysms and neurosyphilis

Back 109

Tertiary Syphilis

Front 110

What is the Lab Diagnosis for Syphilis?

Back 110

Dark field microscopy, Serology test; Veneral Disease Research Lab (VDRL) for non specific treponema test, Flouroscent Treponema antibody (FTA-ABS) for specific treponemal test

Front 111

What is the Causative agent of AIDS?

Back 111

HIV

Front 112

What is the inflammation of the urinary bladder?

Back 112

Cystisis

Front 113

What is the inflammation of the urethra that is caused by n. Gonorrhea and chlamydia?

Back 113

Urethritis

Front 114

What is the inflammation of the kidney tubules?

Back 114

Pyelonephritis

Front 115

What is the DOC for UTI with E. Coli?

Back 115

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given 3-7 days

Front 116

What is the DOC for UTI with proteus and pseudomonas?

Back 116

Fluoroquinoles

Front 117

What is the DOC for UTI with acute pyelonephritis?

Back 117

Fluoroquinolones or third Gen. cephalosporin given in 3-10 days