Micro Final

Front 1

what causes allergic reactions?

Back 1

Allergins--> antigens that cause an allergic reaction

Front 2

what are the 4 hypersensitivities?

Back 2

1. atopic

2. cytotoxic

3. immune complex disease

4. delayed hypersensitivity

Front 3

what is the sensitizing dose?

Back 3

Your body is exposed to the antigen and starts making antibodies

Front 4

what is the provocative dose?

Back 4

it's the second time the allergin enters the body and reacts faster

Front 5

chemical mediators of tissue damage

Back 5

1.histamine

2. serotonin

3. leukotriene

4. prostaglandins

5. bradykinin

Front 6

chemical mediators activities?

Back 6

1. vasodilation

2. increased inflammation

3. increased sensitivity to pain

4. increased mucous secretions

5. increased permeability of capillaries

6. no fever

7. no high heart rate

Front 7

symptoms of allergic reactions

Back 7

1. rashes

2. rhinitis

3. diarrhea

4. redness

5. profuse lacrimation

Front 8

what is autoimmunity?

Back 8

the immune system attacks itself (hypersensitivity to self)

Front 9

sequestered antigen theory

Back 9

antigens are hidden from immune system, by way of camouflaging, which break down later

Front 10

altered self theory

Back 10

viral infection stimulates foreign antigens to appear on self tissue

Front 11

what is anaphylaxis?

Back 11

(out poring of bad things) systemic reaction involving airway obstruction and circulatory collapse

Front 12

what are the drugs used to control organ rejection?

Back 12

1. cyclosporine

2. tracolimus

3. enbril

Front 13

what are the 4 types of transplants?

Back 13

1. Autograft- from ones self

2. isograft- from twins

3. allograft- from someone else

4. xenograft- from animal to human

Front 14

host response to antigens

Back 14

1. antigen is moved to lymphatic tissue

2. engulfed by macrophage

3. macrophage than binds to helper T cell

4. which than helper T cell activates b-cells

5. ending in immune response

Front 15

what is the 3rd line of defense

Back 15

it's the acquired immunity

--resulting from contact with pathogen

self vs non-self

--distinguishes b/w cells/proteins that the body produces and unfamiliar ones

Front 16

where do T cells and B cells mature

Back 16

T- thymus gland

B- bone marrow

Front 17

where are T and B cells stored

Back 17

spleen and nodes

Front 18

T-cells

Back 18

(killer producing)

-responsible for tissue rejection and reacts to fungus

-destroying foreign agents

-become active when antigen enters body

-each recognize a specific antigen

Front 19

B-cells

Back 19

(antibodies producing)

-antibodies that react with foreign agents

-responsible for autoimmune reactions

-reacts to bacterial and viral infections, toxin elimination

-specific to antigens

Front 20

functions of antibodies

Back 20

1. increase phagocyte(easy for pac-man to attach

2. interfere with antigen activity

3. cause lysis of foreign cells (makes holes in cell walls)

4. cause agglutination

Front 21

what antibodies cross the placenta

Back 21

Immunoglobulin G and M

Front 22

Helper T cells are?

Back 22

they amplify the immune response w/ IL 2

Front 23

Killer T cells are?

Back 23

-proliferate and attach to pathogen

-secrete toxic chemicals which kill pathogen

Front 24

suppressor T-cells are?

Back 24

they suppress T and B cells and stop the immune system

Front 25

Blast B cells

Back 25

unspecialized B-cells that differentiate into plasma and memory cells

Front 26

Plasma B-cells

Back 26

-secrete and make antibodies

-make 2000 per second

-live about 5 days

Front 27

memory B-cells

Back 27

-make plasma cells

-live entire life

-respond rapidly to re-infection

Front 28

Memory T-cells

Back 28

-remain in body

-represent long-term immunity

-respond rapidly to re-infection

Front 29

titer

Back 29

level of antibodies in serum over time

Front 30

3rd line of defense is also called

Back 30

adaptive immunity

Front 31

cells that are difficult to dispatch

Back 31

streptococcus pyogens, hard to undergo phagocytosis, which is problematic

Front 32

what is stronger and act faster than the primary response

Back 32

the adaptive immune system, cause secondary response from memory cells (need to get sick first and than will be faster 2nd time around)

Front 33

opsonization

Back 33

-covering cells or viruses with antibodies

-marks pathogens for destruction

Front 34

definition of an antigen

Back 34

and kind of foreign molecule

Front 35

what do macrophages do?

Back 35

destruction, present antigens to helper T-cells

Front 36

what are the causes for tissue rejection

Back 36

T-cells do not recognize the tissue and marks it for destruction

Front 37

development of vaccines

Back 37

(maintain geneo for long periods of time)

-artificial active immunity- exposure to antigenic

Front 38

types of vaccine preparations

Back 38

-killed cells or inactivated viruses (strong immunity)

-live cells- wont cause disease (MMR)

-parts of cells or viruses- derived from microorganisms

-genetically engineered- used for HIV, HBV

Front 39

what are the problems with vaccines?

Back 39

genetic stability of pathogens

-diseases are mutate

-and adverse reactions to antigens

Front 40

what is the immune response to pollen?

Back 40

hypersensitivity

Front 41

how long do antibodies last

Back 41

about 5 days

Front 42

hypersensitivity type one- atopic

Back 42

occurs immediately following 2nd contact with an allergin (atopic=chronic local allergy)`

Front 43

hypersensitivity type two- cytotoxic

Back 43

ex: poison ivy

-reaction resulting in the lysis of foreign cells

-occurs during incompatible blood transfusion

Front 44

atopic diseases

Back 44

1. asthma

2. atopic dermatitis

3. cutaneous anaphylaxis-inflammation

4. systemic anaphylaxis - sudden respiratory

ex: bee string