Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
3 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1) A patient presenting with Kopik's spots in their mouth is presenting with diagnostic lesions for Measles caused by the Rubeola Virus. 2) A. The varicella-zoster virus can cause two different infections? what infections are they and what age groups are most commonly associated with? Chicken pods- children, shingles-adults B. Explain where the virus lies dormant and how it can manifest itself later in life. after chicken pox infection, if the person later is immune compromised can travel down herby causing inflammation. 3) infection with rotavirus account for 50% of cases that require hospitalization. 4) There are two forms of the vaccine for the seasonal flue. describe the difference between the two, and the advantage of both. Seasonal inject: acellular pieces of the flu virus. not able to cause infection. Flumist: attenuated virus. better immunity but small risk of infection. 5) Small pox Commonly called variola is the fist human disease to be irradiated due to a vaccine developed by Jenner 6) Rhinovirus is the cause of the common cold. 7) acycolvir is standard treatment for HHV-1/HHV-2 which causes Herpes 8) Jaundice is one of the symptoms caused by a liver infection with hepatitis B 9) this childhood disease has been almost completely irradiated. there are currently two possible vaccines to combat it. give one. Salk What disease were these vaccines made against? polio 10) infection of pregnant women with this virus can result in congenital defects or death of the developing fetus name the virus or disease Rubella German measles. What is done to ensure the fetus is protected from this virus while in utero Draw a titre to test blood for Rubella antibodies. if low they get mother an MMR booster. 11) what three viral infections does the MMR vaccine target? Measles, mumps, rubella |
1)who was the first scientist to look through a microscope and see LIVING microscopic specimens? Leeuwennock 2) a prion is an infection protein without a nucleic acid.
3) Linneaus came up with the taxonomic system used to classify living organisms, including microorganisms 4) a flagella is a whiplike structure used by some protozoans for movement 5) Define spontaneous generation. Living organisms arising from nonliving materials 6) what is the distinguishing characteristic between archaea and bacteria? archaea have cell walls made of a material other than peptidoglycan. bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls 7) specifically describe the experiment pasture did and what conclusions were drawn from it. He invented the swan neck flask which allowed air circulation during boiling samples. showed that as long as dust and air particles did not have access to the boiled solution, no microorganisms can grow. disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms. 8) name on issue that exists in needhams experiment investigating spontaneous generation. He did not sanitize his glassware. He did not boil the sample long enough. 9) Aseptic technique. Introducing samples into an environment without contamination. 10) Robert Koch developed Kochs postulates. what was the purpose of this series of steps? to identify the causative microorganisms for a given disease. 11) explain why viruses are not "living" they are obligate intracellular parasite meaning they require a host cell to be living. |
|
|
1) do to their thick cell wall, gram positive cells also have techelcacul which anchors the peptidoglycan to the underlying cell membrane. 2) acid fast bacteria have up to 60% mycolic acid in their cell wall, which is why they stain positive in an acid fast stain. if they are treated with a gram stain that will appear to be gram positive. 3) the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria is made up of Lipopilysaccharide (LPS) 4) Endospores are formed by some types of bacteria, specifically some species of bacillus and clostridium in response to harsh environmental conditions such as high heat or nutrient scarcity. 5) immunogenic: immune producing 6) what does it mean for a cell membrane to be "selectively permeable" allows some things in/out but not others. 7) what structure of a gram negative bacteria makes infections with bacteria more difficult to treat and why? LPS is immunogenic causing inflammation, fever,vasodilation. with immune system break down it causes additional release of lipid A, causing another immune response 8) in the image below the green dots represent solute based on that information indicate the tonicity of the solution shown below Hypertonic. Upper left water flow. 9) why do ribosomes make excellent targets for antibacterial drugs? Prokaryotic ribosomes are different for eukaryotic so the drug is selectively toxic. 10) which eukaryotic organelle may all be affected by these typed of antibacterial drugs and why? mitochondria. they have ribosomes similar in structure to prokaryotes. 11) what is an inclusion in a bacteria? A location of material storage in bacteria. |
1) catabolic reactions break down larger molecules to smaller. Anacolic synthesize larger molecules to smaller. 2) molecules that lose electrons are being oxidized which molecules that gain electrons are being reduced. 3) what does it mean to denature a protein? unfold it, lose its 3-D structure 4) we discussed three physiologic conditions that could be manipulated to affect denaturation on a protein. pH, salt, temperature. 5) what is a frameshift mutation? Insert or delete a nucleotide chafes reading frame of codons 6) transduction happens? lysogenic virus, after incorporating into host genome, as it demoes itself during induction it takes a piece of the host genome with it transferring it to another cell. 7) what effect uv light has on DNA. uv caused thymine dimers which cause kinks in DNA preventing transcription and copying DNA. 8) what method does the bacteria have to repair this damage from UV light. Photolyase activated in white light that removes thymine dimers and repairs DNA. |
|
|
1) ubiquity: everywhere water is available
2) colony: a group of bacteria that all arise from the same original cell
3) aseptic technique: inoculating bacteria sample without contamination
4) resolution: the ability to see two points as distinct
5) describe how to do the heat fixed of a bacterial sample if you're using a bacterial colony as your sample source: drop of water, add a loop full of bacteria. Drops of water. Then pass through flame slowly 3 to 4 times.
6) gram stain: + - Primary- crystal violet. Purple purple Mordant- iodine. Purple purple. Destain- alcohol. Purple clear. Secondary- Salfranin purple/ red.
7) indicate what is happening during this stop on a gram positive vs gram-negative so that makes this statement accurate: positive: thick PG holds crystal violet/iodine complex. Negative: due to thin PG wall alcohol can strip all crystal violet.
8) what is the morning of the Gram stain and what is its function: iodine cross-links crystal violet.
9) how does UV work to kill bacteria: uv causes thymine dimes which result in kinks in the DNA. Prevent transcription and or replication of DNA killing the cell. They fix the problem because cells have photolyase which excuses the thymine diner to repair the damage. 10) Kerby Bauer: determine the resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics. |
Pathos: disease Karyon: nut Eu: true Pseudo: false Genic: to produce Coccus: sphere Strepto: chain Peri: around Pro:before Amphi:both Lopho:tufts Calyx:cup Pili:hair Bacillus:rod Flagel:whiplike Sarcina:cube of 8 Trichous:harr Staphylo:grape like Diplo:double Noso:disease Photo:light Comi:care Iatro: physician Iso:same Hyper:above Hypo:below Phage: to eat Haplo:half Patho:disease Gen: to produce Tetrad: four Spirrillium:spiral Ana:upward Cata:down Bol: to through En:within Ex:from An:Without Aero:air Glyco:sugar Alkal:basic Psychro:cold Phile:loving Meso:middle Thermo:heat Halo:salt Baro: pressure Cata:downward Bik:throw Meta:middle Gonia:seed Rhea: flow of
|
