Micro Fall Final Whipworm And Ascarids

Front 1

Trichuris trichuria
Ascaris lumbricoides
Anisakis simplex

Back 1

whipworm



**all are nematodes, round worms, unsegmented

Front 2

what is the hygeine hypothesis

Back 2

trichuris and other helminths tent to stim a Th2 response, suppress Th1. T reg also helps out. first described for allergies.

Front 3

what is it called that works cause TH2 and T reg reactions

Back 3

hygeine hypothesis

* it was first described for allergies and now includes autoimmunity

Front 4

whats a nematode

Back 4

means threadlike, long cylindrical, tapered

**super common, non segmented, NO LEGS

Front 5

what is the nematode supermodel

Back 5

c elegans

**model organism, free living, soil nematode, small,

Front 6

what worm is a tube within a tube, non segmented, long cylindrical and tapered. NO legs

Back 6

nematode, if it has legs its not a nematoad

**usually male and female

Front 7

tell me about this tube in a tube

Back 7

its a nematoad

**outer tube: mm, neurons, cuticle

**inner tube: digestion, reproduction

**in btwn there is non compressible liquid

Front 8

whats the general life cycle of a neatode

Back 8

easy, its worm looking at ALL stages.

**amt of development within the egg and infectious stage varies with species

*stages are separated by molts

Front 9

do nematodes mold

Back 9

sure thing, molting separates stages of life cycle

Front 10

whats a whip worm

Back 10

trichuris trichuria

*fecal oral transmission, NO intermediate host or vector.

Eggs in poo, eggs embryonate in soil, eggs eaten and cause whip worm in host

Front 11

what is the transmission of whip worm (trichuris trichuria)

Back 11

fecal oral

**you poo the eggs, eggs live in soil, you then eat the eggs

**infective stage is the embryonated egg in the soil
**Dx stage: unembryonated egg in the poo

**wont migrate out of intestine

Front 12

where does whip worm (T trichuria) set up shop in teh human/

what is dx stage
what is infectious stage

Back 12

in the intestines, wont move

Dx: unembryonated egg in poop. bipolar plugs

Infective: embyronated egg in the soil (you eat the number of eggs and get that number of worms)

Front 13

whats teh dif btwn male and female whip worms (T trichuria)

Back 13

female is bigger- makes 1000 eggs/day

Male smaller

**both have mouth at skinny end

**if you have a certain number of worms it means you ate that many eggs

*worms live for years

Front 14

ok so we ate an infectious embyronated T trichuria egg that was in teh soil and now we have ... what are the clinical manifestations

Back 14

Whip Worm

**asx with low worm burden (<100 worms) unless... ITS IN THE APPENDIX

**Sx with >100 Worms, number of worms depends in the number or eggs ingested

**worm embeds into the mucosa
**can have rectal prolapse

Front 15

do whip worms embed into mucosa

Back 15

yep, so do hook worms

Front 16

when might you get rectal prolapse

Back 16

if you are a kid with a high worm burden of whipworm >100

Also:
abd pain,
anorexia
vomit
bloody diarreha
anemia- mucosal damage

Front 17

is trichuria common

Back 17

3rd most common round worm world wide

common in tropical areas and southern US (not AZ bc its too dry)

**recall its fecal oral so common whre ppl eat poo. Eggs can be viable in the embyronated infectious stage for years!

Front 18

how is whip worm dx

Back 18

the trichuria eggs in the poo are bipolar plugs, this is unique

can visulaise hte worms embeded into mucosa via proctoscopy

Front 19

how can whip worm be prevented

Back 19

improve sanitation, educate about useing human poo as fertilizer. its a bad idea

Front 20

what bug is being used as tx for IBD (inflammatory bowel disease)

Back 20

trichuria, whip worm

not THE cure but can help!

Front 21

is whipworm unique to ppl

Back 21

nope, Trichuris trichuria is unique to humans but there are lots of other Trichuris sp that cause whipworm in other species

Front 22

ascaris lumbridoides whats it called on the streets

Back 22

large intestinal roundworm

large bc of its size

Front 23

what is the lifecycle of a lumbricoidses (large intestinal round worm)

Back 23

same as tricurius

Fecal Oral transmission, no intermediate host

you poo an egg, the egg embyronates in the soil, you eat the infectious egg

Front 24

what is the infective stage of Ascaris lumbricoides

dx stage

Back 24

Infective: embryonated egg in soil, take 2-4 weeks in soil (trichuris is 3 weeks and is characteriztic bipolar plug)

Dx: fert and unfert eggs in the poo, takes about 3 months to make eggs (same as trichuria)

Worms TRAVEL, can be passed from mouth or nose, go from intestine to live to lung and can be coughed up and passed back to intestine

Front 25

what worm can you cough up!

Back 25

large intenstinal round worm

**these ones migrate (recall whip worm wont)


**passes from intestine to liver to lung and can be coughed up or swallowed to get back to intestine

Front 26

are there male and female ascaris lumbricoides

Back 26

yep (same as for whip)

the female is bigger bc it lays LOTS of eggs, about 12 inches

**lives abotu a year

Front 27

if we know ascaris lays 1000s of eggs a day and lives for a year can we determine the worm burden

Back 27

nope! bummer (large intestinal roundworm)

**with whip worm and this its based on how may infective eggs you eat (characteriztic bipolar cork with whip)

Front 28

what are the clinical manifestations of Ascaris Lumbricoides

Back 28

asx with low worm burden

large burden:

1. Intestine: pain, anorexia, obstruction, more common in kids

2. Lung: cough, pneumonitis, LOEFFLERS syndrome- eosionophilia, ALLERGENIC

Front 29

what worm is allergenic

Back 29

ascaris lumbricoides- asthma attacks in lab workers

Th2 nad T reg (typical) resposnse is directed toward larval stages. IgE response

Loefflers eosinophilia

Front 30

when might we get regions of inflammation/necrosis/granulomas bc of worm infection or

Back 30

ascaris lumbricoides

**bc the worm will migrate and die in transit. NASTY

can come out your mouth or nose or even get into the liver nad pancrease

Front 31

what things can cause migration of ascarix lumbricoides

Back 31

spicy food
anesthesia
meds
diarrhea
high fever

Front 32

ok so we get TH2 and T reg against ascaris, does this mean we get great lasting immunity

Back 32

nope, reinfection is common

its an allergen also, causes asthma in lab workers

Front 33

wht is THE MOST COMMON worm infection, what causes it

Back 33

ascaris lumbricoides, the migrating large round worm

poor sanitation (fecal oral)

can have other co worm infection

eggs viable for years (worm itself lives a year)

Front 34

how can you make the dx of ascaris lumbricoides

Back 34

Eggs in poo (no cool characteristc as seen with whip worm)

Eosinophilia (Loeffers)

X ray0 whirl pool image

Ultrasound- ca detect migrations in to liver/pancreas

Serology- labs/research

Front 35

what can cause a whirl pool image on x ra

Back 35

worm infection, large intestinal round worm

Front 36

are trichuris and ascaris eggs infective immediatly after they are passed.

Back 36

nope, they need to hang out in the soil for a bit (3 weeks). this is good news bc pts arent transferring it to other ppl around them

Front 37

which would you poision your roomate with tricuris or ascaris

Back 37

ascaris- it moves around and will cause respiratory issues as well

Front 38

how can you prevent control ascaris lumbricoides *large intestinal round worm

Back 38

fecal oral transmission, be safe with poop

education, improved sanitation,

MASS Tx for infected areas, but reinfection is common and rggs live a long time

Front 39

what is ascaris suum

Back 39

its pig large intestinal round worm but we can become accidental host and be infected. really simliar to A lumbrisoides

**this is actually the one that the roomate gave to other roomies

Front 40

whats anidakiasis

Back 40

its worms caused by eating infected fish.

normall infects large marine mammals but when we eat raw/undercooked food we can get them

Front 41

what might you get if you eat pickled herring

Back 41

anisakiasis

**it infects sea mammals but when we eat the we are accidental hosts

Front 42

what worm is NOT usually infectious for humans

Back 42

anisakis, but when we eat raw/undercooked fish we can get it. different than others bc sx IMMEDIATE with in hours

Front 43

what is the dx and infectious stage of anisakis

Back 43

we are NOT part of normal life cycle- accidental ingestion via fish

Infective stage: larvae in fish.squid

Dx: larvea in stomach/intestine. sx in HOURS!!! unique

Front 44

if you have abd pain and nausea/vomit w/i hours of eating a suchi dinner what might be the problem

Back 44

anidakiasis- IMMEDIATE sx.

**can cough up larvae (like large round worm)

**normall larvae in stomach but can get to intestine and cause eosionphilic granulomatous response 1-2 weeks after infection--> simliar to chrons disease

Front 45

how is enisakiasis dx and tx

Back 45

gasctoscopic exam- remove larvea

surgery/biopsy

Elisa

Front 46

if you always cook your suchi what are you preventing

Back 46

anisakiasis

Front 47

infewction hours after ingestion is most likely with what

trichirus
acaris
anidasikas

Back 47

anaskasis

Front 48

are there arscid infections besides trich, ascaris, and anikalsis

Back 48

oh ya, but ther are more in other animals