Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Urinary Tract- testing
|
use 1st voided morning urine
contaminant free= suprapubic aspiration sterile collection- culture in 2 hours, refrig. <24 hrs streak SBA with calibrated loop -if over 10^5 CFU/ml and less than 3 colonies= work up -if <10^4 and >3 colonies= probable absence of UTI then transfer to selective agar for ID |
|
|
kidneys, renal, pelvis, ureters
result from ascending infection fever and pain found in pts. with altered anatomy sterile |
Upper Urinary tract inf
|
|
|
UUT- pathogens
|
Enterics
S. aureus Coag neg Staph, Mycobacteria Mycoplasm hominis |
|
|
urinary bladder and urethra
more common cystitis and urethritis sympt- frequency, urgency, and dysuria |
Lower Urinary tract inf
|
|
|
LUT- pathogens
|
Enterics
Enterocicci Coag neg Staph Chlamydia trachomatis N. gonorrhea Ureaplasma urealyticum Gardnerella vaginalis |
|
|
nasal, pharynx, larynx, trachea, left and right primary bronchi
mostly viruses |
Upper Respiratory Tract Inf
|
|
|
URT- pathogens
|
most common- acute pharyngitis and acute otitis media
-viral, strep, or diptheroid Beta strep S.pyogenes Cornebacterium diptheria B. pertussis C. gonorrhea Haemophilus S. aureus C. trachomatis Mycoplasma C. albicans |
|
|
URT- testing
|
2 swabs- for culture and antigen detection
SBA and CHOC |
|
|
right and left pleural cavity, bronchioles, lungs, mediastinum, diaphragm, pleural space
Bronchitis and pneumonia sterile |
Lower Respiratory inf
|
|
|
LRT- pathogens
|
viral, fungal, bacterial, parasite
S. aureus S.pnemoniae* H. influenzae Klebsiella Enterics Moraxella catarrhalis Legionella Bordatella Pseudomonas Mycobacterium Anaerober( Fusobacterium and Prevotells) Mycoplasma Chlamydia |
|
|
LRT- testing
|
sputum
aspirations, bronchial washings, and needle aspirates= sterile transport and test with in 2 hours have to have few epithelial cells and may contain WBCs plate on SBA, MAC, and CHOC viral testing |
|
|
infection from normal flora and viruses, fungi, and parasites= STD
asympt- females disharge, lesions/warts Vaginitis- females, dischagre and odor Cervicitis- females, discharge/ lesion on cervix |
Genital tract inf
|
|
|
Genital tract- pathogens
|
Gardnerella vaginalis (with mixed anaerobes)
F. mobiluncus H. ducreyi T. pallidum N. gonorrhea N. meningitidis C. trachomatis C. albicans T. vaginalis HSV Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma |
|
|
Genital tract- testing
|
Dacron or Rayon swabs only- use charcoal transport media
Urine- for molecular Blood |
|
|
Genital tract- presumptive ID
Vaginosis |
gray discharge and clue cells
|
|
|
Genital tract- presumptive ID
Yeast inf. |
budding cells in wet mount
|
|
|
Genital tract- presumptive ID
Trichomonas inf. |
motility on wet prep
|
|
|
Genital tract- presumptive ID
N. gohorrhea |
Martin Lewis media
intracellular diplococci in dscharge for males only |
|
|
Genital tract- presumptive ID
Chlamydia |
DFA or NTA
|
|
|
Genital tract- presumptive ID
Gardnerella |
KOH and ph >4.5
|
|
|
Wounds and Abscesses- pathogens
|
S. aureus
S. pyogenes GN Enterics Enterococcus Pseudomonas and non ferm. Anaerobes ( B fragilils, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Clotstridium perfringens) |
|
|
Wounds and Abscesses- testing
|
cleanse surface thoroughly to limit contamination
sterile aspirations are more acceptable use ATM for anaerobes gram stain plate on MAC, CNA, PEA, and CHOC |
|
|
brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves
meningitis, encephalitis, abscesses sterile |
CNS inf
|
|
|
CNS- fungi and parasites
|
C. neoformans and C. immitis
|
|
|
CNS- neonate bact.
|
group B strep
E. coli Enterics Listeria H. influenzae type B |
|
|
CNS- <5 year old bacteria
|
H influenzae type B
N. meningitidis S. pneumonia |
|
|
CNS- adult bacteria
|
N. meningitidis
S. pneumoniae Listeria S. aureus GNR |
|
|
CNS- Chronic meningitis bact.
|
M. tuberculosis
Nocardia Actinomyces T. pallidum Borellia Leptospira Brucella Salmonella Fungi |
|
|
CNS- testing
|
lumbar puncture, gram stain, rapid testing
plate on CHOC, SBA, MAC |
|
|
CNS- viral CSF
|
neg gram stian
decreased WBC normal glucose slight ^ protein |
|
|
CNS- bacterial CSF
|
incr. WBC w/ PMNs
decreased glucose increase protein |
|
|
CNS- fungal symptoms
|
increased cranial pressure and personality changes
|
|
|
Upper GI- pathogens
|
Helicobacter pylori
|
|
|
Lower GI- pathogens
|
Salmonella
Shigella E.coli S. aureus Campy Vibrio Yersinia C. difficle B. cereus C. perfringens |
|
|
acute onset, 1-6 days
nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, fever (bacterial)/ no fever (enterotoxin), ab. cramps, bloody/ watery (enterotoxin) stool |
GI tract- symptoms
|
|
|
GI- testing
|
feces, rectal swab, washing/biopsy
wet mount- Campy gram stain selective media- MAC, HE, XLD, Campy SMAC (E. coli- EHEC= colorless) CIN- Y. entercolitica TCBS- V. cholera/ parahaemolyticus EIA (Elisa)- C. difficle toxin Urease- H. pylori |
|
|
fluid trapped in middle ear
mostly children |
Ear inf
|
|
|
Ear inf- pathogens
|
S. aureus
S. pyogenes P. aeruginosa GNB S. pnemonia* H. influenzae* Anaerobes M. catarrhalis |
|
|
Ear inf-
Otitis media pathogens |
S. pneumonia
H. influenzae S.pyogenes S. aureus M. catarrhalis |
|
|
Ear inf- testing
|
ear swab- test in 2 hours
middle ear aspirations gram stain culture > SBA, MAC, CHOC |
|
|
conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis
caused by bacteria, chlamydia, and viruses |
Eye inf
|
|
|
Eye inf-
Conjunctivits |
inflammation of conjunctiva
S. pnemoniae H. inluenzae S. aureus H. aegyptus N. gonorrhea S. pyogenes Adenovirus, HSV, and VZV |
|
|
Eye inf-
Trachoma |
C. trachomatis
A,B,C serovars |
|
|
Eye inf-
Conjunctivits in neonates bact. |
Neiserria and Chlamydia
from mother |
|
|
Eye inf-
Conjunctivits in children bact. |
H. influenzae
S. aureus S. pnemoniae Adenovirus |
|
|
Eye inf-
Conjunctivits in adults bact. |
S. aureus
S. pneumoniae |
|
|
Eye inf-
Blepharitis bact |
inflam of eyelid
S. aureus S. epidermidis S. pyogenes HSV |
|
|
Eye inf-
Keratits |
inflam of cornea
P. aeruginosa S. aureus S. pneumonia* HSV |
|
|
Eye inf- testing
|
scrapings
gram stain, antigen testing plat on SBA, CHOC, MAC, Thio |
|
|
acute infections
no normal flora |
Sinusitis
|
|
|
Sinusitis- in children
bact |
S. pneumonia
H. influenzae M. catarrhalis Rhinovirus |
|
|
Sinusitis- in young adults
bact |
H. influenzae
S. pneumoniae S. pyogenes M. catarrhalis |
|
|
Sinusitis- testing
|
sinus puncture/ aspiration
gram stain culture- aerobes and anaerobes on SBA, CHOC, MAC |
|
|
fever chills, malaise, tachycardia, hyperventilation, toxicity
|
Blood inf-
Septicemia Bacteriemia- in blood |
|
|
Blood inf- testing
|
clean skin with ETOH and Iodine
multiple collection bottles (Dont underfill!) take blood culture just as fever starts if possible Blood culture base- with TSA for aerobic - add 0.5% cystine for anaerobic microscopic exam 1st!! place in automated blood culture instrument gram stain plate on SBA, MAC, CHOC keep for up to 7 days, then no growth reported |
|
|
Blood inf- pathogens
|
S. aureus
Coag neg. Staph Viridans strep Enterococcus S. pnemoniae Beta hemolytic strep Pseudomonas Enterics Anaerobes- Clostridium and Bacteriodes |
