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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Staph. aureus
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Golden colonies
Large, creamy, opaque colonies B-hemolytic Catalase +, mannitol/salt +, coagulase + Toxic shock syndrome – in tampon Inflammation Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome (SSSS) Food poisoning – toxin ingestion Penicillins/methicillin – vancomycin |
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Staph. epidermidis
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Prosthetic devices
Biofilms |
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Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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Urinary tract infections
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Strep. pyrogenes
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M protein – surface antigen
Not part of normal microbiota Diseases 1. Erysipelas – red rash on face 2. Strep throat 3. Scarlet fever caused by Spe (erythrogenic toxic) – Perioral pallor, strawberry tongue 4. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome – grows in infected wound, gets into blood & produce Spe A (superantigen) 5. Necrotizing fasciitis Immune-mediated 1. Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) – type 2 2. Acute glomerulonephtritis (AGN) – type 3 Gets into blood Catalase – B-hemolysis, sensitive to bacitracin |
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Strep. agalactiate (GBS)
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Neonatal meningitis
RDS – respiratory distress syndrome Sepsis Narrow B-hemolysis Camp positive – arrowhead |
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Strep. pneumoniae
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Lancet-shaped diploccocus
Causes otitis media Major cause of _ Most common agent of meninigitis Optochin test |
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N. gonnorrhoeae
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Pili undergo antigenic variation → lack of immunity
Causes inflammation of eyes of newborns Urethritis, disseminated infection Capsule – Thayer-Martin agar |
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N. meningitidis
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Capsule
Meningococcemia (spots on skin) → DIC, shock, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (WHS) (necrosis of adrenals) Gram-negative kidney shape diplococcic OX+ |
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H. influenzae
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X and V factors
Gram-negative Pleomorphic Nonmotile |
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Pasteurella multocida
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Pugent smell
Stains bipolarly Cat-bite cellulitis (komodo dragon) |
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Bortetella pertussis
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Highly contagious
No invasion _ toxin – increase adenylate cyclase → increase cAMP Whooping cough |
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Bacillus anthrax
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Medusa head/rough colonies, “bamboo rods” (gram-positive rods w/ spores)
Plasmid encoded Compound toxin – lethal factor, edema factor, protective antigen (PA + LF = lethal toxin) Cutaneous = spores through broken skin GI – contaminated meat Pulmonary – inhabitation of spores, causes mediastinits Not contagious Nonhemolytic, nonmotile Vaccine contain protective antigen |
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Bacillus cereus
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no capsule, hemolytic, motile
From rice reheating - spores produce enterotoxin |
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Corynebacterium diptheriae
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Chinese or X/Y, metachromatic granules
A-B toxin, inactivates EF-2, stops protein synthesis Noninvasive – entirely toxin mediated Bull neck Toxin demonstration (w/o toxin is harmless)(Elek probe) Tinsdale – black colonies, brown halo (smells like garlic) |
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Listeria monocytogenes
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Pleomorphic (mobile at room temp)
Looks like GBS, CAMP + – facilitates phagosomal escape Invasive 1. Phagosomal excape by LLO 2. Multiply in macrophage 3. Actin propels bacteria to adjacent cells 4. Phospholipase chew cell membrane Pregnant women avoid raw milk and cheese |
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C. jejuni
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Motile,
Invasive Enterotoxin = toxin – adenyalate cyclase increase → cAMP increase Ulceration Bloody red stool Postinfectious – reiter syndrome and guillain barre Immune mediated |
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Shigella
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Bacterial dysentery – red blood diarrhea, white blood cells in stool
A-B toxin <100 organisms → dynsentery Resistance to stomach acid Enterotoxin Phagosome escape Inhibition of protein synthesis Damage of inside lining of blood vessels → hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) or kidney failure Postinfectious – reiter syndrome (Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb the tree) and guillain barre |
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Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
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Traveler’s diarrhea
Chloride channels open Enterotoxins encoded by plasmid |
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Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
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Bloody diarrhea, does not produce Shiga toxin
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Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
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Childhood diarrhea, cytoskeleton collapse
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EHEC = E. Coli O157:H7
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Produces Shiga toxin – damages endothelial cells of blood vessels → hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) or kidney failure
No antibiotics should be given |
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Salmonella enteric
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Motile,
H2S producer, indole -, urease - Poultry and milk Prevention of phagolysosomal fusion survival within macrophages Can enter bloodstream → LPS-mediated septic shock Vi antigen Causes diarrhea Typhoid fever – LPS-mediated release of inflammatory cytokines Postinfectious – reiter syndrome (Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb the tree) Mild diarrhea – no treatment Systemic use ACT |
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Helicobacteria pylori
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Produce urease enzyme – urea → NH4 + CO2 → decrease stomach acid
Adhesin molecules – O group more susceptible Associated with gastric cáncer Biospy and culture, urea breath test |
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Vibrio cholerae
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Optimum pH alkaline
Enterotoxin involves chloride channels and A-B toxin No invasion Rice water stool Culture on TCBS (Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Sucrose) |
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V.parahaemolyticus
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Contaminated seafood
Enterotoxin-mediated |
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Vibrio vulnificus
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Septicemia from consuming shellfish
Necrotizing wound infection from exposed to sea water |
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Pseudomonas aeruginusa
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Colonies greenish-blue, flowers/fruity odor
Alginate capsule → anti-phagocytic and causes multidrug resistance Pneumonia in CF patients Nail infection, folliculitis (red spots on skin), corneal ulcer (white on eye), ecthyma gangrenosum |
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Legionella pneumophilia
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Found in water sources (no person-to-person transmission)
Slender, gram-negative Prevention of phagolysosomal fusion – evades immune system Who? Immunocompromised, smokers, chronic lung disease |
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Myobacterium TB
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Acid-fast rods
Resistant to disinfectants Increases susceptibility for native and African americans (genetic link) Transmit through aerosols Rule of 5 Is immune mediated Prevention of phagolysosome fusion and acidification by pH neutral Immune response – increased PMN, T cells and macrophages → granuloma TNFa → caseous necrosis Primary – young children, initial exposure Secondary – adults, reactivation Pott’s disease – spinal cord does not follow S shape Skin test PPD – into skin, > 10 mm of hardening Vaccine can cause positive test |
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Mycobacterium leprae
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Paucibacillary or Tuberculoid – low # of AFB, lepromin + = cell mediated immunity
Multibacillary or Lepromatous – High AFB, Lepromin – (immune system does not work as well) Causes lesions, and lose of fingers and toes Lots of bacilli, red snappers = red colonies Requires prolonged intimate contact to transmit |
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Fungi Yeast and mold
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Granuloma formation – cell-mediated immune response (macrophages engulf infection, lymphocytes surround macrophages)
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Systemic mycosis – lung infection, meningitis in AIDS patients
Stain on India ink (black background, white hallow capsule) |
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Candida albicans
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Dimorphic, opportunistic
Causes oral thrush, diaper rash Germ tubes In tissue – tree like In culture = eggs |
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Coccidoides immitis
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Dimorphic
Causes systemic mycosis – lung infection, disseminated coccidioidomycosis (spots on skin) In tissue – spherules On agar – hyphae Found in southwest states – CA |
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Histoplasma capsulatum
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Dimorphic
Systemic mycosis – pneumonia, disseminated histoplasmosis AIDs – white lesions in lungs in MO |
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Aspergillus fumigatus
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Opportunistic
Lung and systemic Looks like cancer, on plate looks like bread fungus |
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Dermatophytes
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Disease of skin and appendages
Look at skin and nail scrapings Typical hyphae and conidia in culture Use antifungal treatment |
