Micro Exam 2 Misc

Front 1

IgM

Back 1

o 1st Ig in an immune response
 Is the main Ig response to T-independent antigens (lipopolysaccharide of gram negative bacteria, polysaccharides of strep)
o Exists as a pentamer
 J-chain hooks the monomer together
 Able to fix complement
o Good at immobilizing bacterial infection
 Engulfs around the bacteria by binding multiple determinants

Front 2

IgG

Back 2

o Major Ig found within the serum
 Also the main antibody within the secondary response (anamnestic)
o Neutralizes toxins therefore blocking intracellular invasion
 Allows for phagocytosis to increase
o IgG has subclasses that perform different functions

Front 3

IgA

Back 3

 Anticolonization
 Antigen deletion
 Antiseptic paint for mucosa
 More resistant to degradation

Front 4

IgD

Back 4

o Surface receptor on B-cells
 Coexpressed with IgM
o Found only on differentiating B-cells, not mature B-cells
o Involved in activation/differentiation of B-cells

Front 5

IgE

Back 5

o Binds to high affinity Fc receptors on mast cells/basophils
o Mediates type I hypersensitivity
 Causes histamine/pharmacological mediators to be released by these cells
o Protects against helminthes (roundworms) infection

Front 6

IL1

Back 6

 Augment thymocyte growth
 Stimulate T-cell activity of cytokine secretion
 Acts with the TCR/MHCII complex to initiate an immune response (promotes proliferation of activated T-cells)
 Promotes CD8/MHCI activity
 Activates natural killer (NK) cells
 Promotes the growth/function of almost every non-lymphoid tissue
 Augments IL-2 production
(leukocyte activating factor)

Front 7

IL2

Back 7

o Induces T-cell proliferation (all types)
o Produced by CD4, some CD8 and NK cells
o Also has a function in B-cells, monocytes, and LAK cells (of NK cell subset)

Front 8

IL3

Back 8

o Released by T-cells to stimulate growth of precursor cells of haemopoietic lineages

Front 9

IL4

Back 9

o Pushes B-cells to activate/differentiate
 Causes IgG1 and IgE production
o Produced by T-cells

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IL5

Back 10

o Made by T-cells to activate eosinophils

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IL6

Back 11

o Made by T-cells to induce the differentiation of B-cells to become antibody forming cells

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IL7

Back 12

o Released by T-cells to activate T-cells and promote their growth

Front 13

IL8

Back 13

o Produced by macrophages, T-cells, and endothelial cells
 Induces neutrophils and serves as a chemotactic agent for T-cells

Front 14

IL10

Back 14

o Made by T-cells to INHIBIT IFNγ
 Suppresses the cell mediated (Th1) response

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IL12

Back 15

o Enhances the Th1 response (counteracts IL-10)

Front 16

IFNgamma

Back 16

o Upregulates MHCI and MHCII expression
o Promotes B-cell differentiation and inhibits their proliferation
 Is antiproliferative for many cells
o Activates macrophages, CD8, and NK cells
o IFNα and IFNβ are used for viral infections

Front 17

CD4

Back 17

• CD4 cells can be of the Th1 or Th2 subset
o Th2 favors the antibody response
o Th1 favors the CD8/macrophage response
o Th1 gives off IFNγ to stop Th2
 Th2 gives off IL-12 to stop Th1

Front 18

CD8

Back 18

o Are promoted by a Th1 response, and fade during a Th2 response
o Interacts with MHCI on target cells
 Binding causes the destruction of these cells

Front 19

NK cells

Back 19

o NK cells (Lymphokine Activated Killer [LAK] cells) are nonspecific
 They look for things on a cell surface (not MHCI) that are typically found on harmful cells
 Insert perforin on cell membranes to causes lysis is these cell surface molecules are seen
 Activated by IL-2 and are good for cancer treatments

Front 20

ADCC

Back 20

 Killer cells have Fc receptors that react with bound antibody