Micro Exam 2 Lecture 26

Front 1

Three enteric gram negs with disease

Back 1

Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus)
A. actinomycetemcomitans
Periodontitis, endocarditis, Bite wound infections

Bordetella
B. pertussis and B. parapertussis
Whooping cough
B. bronchiseptica

Brucella and Francisella
Zoonotic diseases
Brucellosis
Tularemia

Front 2

AA

Back 2

Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic coccobacillus
present in patients with chronic periodontitis
causative agent for other serious systemic infections (endocarditis)

Front 3

virulence factors of AA

Back 3

leukotoxin encoded by lktA gene - kills neutrophils and monocytes
Fimbriae
EmaA - mediates the adhesion to collagen

Front 4

Bordatella

Back 4

small, Gram-negative, aerobic coccobacilli
encapsulated
no spores produced

Front 5

B. Pertussin

Back 5

whooping cough
Transmission is by droplets
Begins with the catarrhal phase (1-2 weeks)
paroxysmal phase (2-4wks)
convalescent phase (1-3wks)

Front 6

Virulence factors of Pertussis toxin

Back 6

toxin reacts with different cell types, including T lymphocytes, and acts on different cellular regulatory processes
ADP-ribosylating bacterial toxins.

Front 7

virulence factors of Bordetella

Back 7

Filamentous hemagglutinin
Heat-Labile Toxin
Adenylate Cyclase Toxin
Tracheal Cytotoxin
Lipopolysaccharide
Agglutinogens

Front 8

Virulence in B. Pertussi

Back 8

B. pertussis organisms undergo antigenic variation
Pertussis toxin is produced solely by B. pertussis.

Front 9

Epidemiology of Bordetella Disease

Back 9

mucous membranes of the human respiratory tract are the natural habitat for B. pertussis and B. parapertussis
patient is most infectious during the early catarrhal phase

Front 10

Treatment and prevention of Pertussis

Back 10

tetracycline, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol
Pertussis vaccine was originally produced from smooth forms (phase I)
Acellular pertussis vaccine

Front 11

Brucella and Francisella

Back 11

Zoonotic diseases
Brucellosis - category B bioweapon
Tularemia - Category A bioweapon

Front 12

Bioterrorism agents

Back 12

Brucellosis (Brucella species) is a Category B bioterrorism agent
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) is a Category A bioterrorism agent

Front 13

Category A bioterrorism

Back 13

High-priority agents include organisms that pose a risk to national security because they
can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person;
result in high mortality rates and have the potential for major public health impact;
might cause public panic and social disruption; and
require special action for public health preparedness.

Front 14

Category B bioterrorism

Back 14

Second highest priority agents include those that
are moderately easy to disseminate;
result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates; and
require specific enhancements of CDC's diagnostic capacity and enhanced disease surveillance.

Front 15

Category C bioterrorism

Back 15

Third highest priority agents include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination in the future because of
availability;
ease of production and dissemination; and
potential for high morbidity and mortality rates and major health impact.

Front 16

Brucella characteristics

Back 16

Gram-negative coccobacilli; non-spore-forming and non-motile; aerobic, but may need added CO2
Two different O chains occur in the LPS
Brucellosis is a zoonosis, acquired from handling of infected animals or consuming contaminated milk or milk products

Front 17

Brucellosis symptoms

Back 17

Symptoms are variable.
influenza-like with fever. Limb and back pains are unusually severe, and sweating and fatigue are marked.
recover entirely within 3 to 12 months but some will develop complications marked by involvement of various organs, and a few may enter an ill-defined chronic syndrome.

Front 18

Treatment and prevention of Brucellosis

Back 18

doxycycline, streptomycin and rifampin for 4 to 6 weeks
prevented by pasteurizing milk, eradicating infection from herds and flocks, and observing safety precautions

Front 19

Francisella

Back 19

Very small Gram negative coccobacili, strict aerobe
Polysaccharide-rich Capsule (antiphagocytic)
Grows intracellularly , survives inside macrophages
Tularemia (glandular fever, rabbit fever, tick fever or deer fly fever

Front 20

Tularemia diseases

Back 20

Ulceroglandular tularemia (painful papule)
Oculograndular tularemia (eye infection)
Pneumonic tularemia (sepsis)

Front 21

Treatment and prevention of Tularemia

Back 21

treated with Streptomycin (not always available and has toxicity), gentamicin, fluoroquinolones and doxycycline
Avoidance of the reservoirs of infection
Vaccine is available