Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
macrophages
|
informers--widely distributed in tissue--break microbe into pieces (antigen epitopes)
onsite janitor of injured tissues important in antigen presentation |
|
|
dendritic cells
|
many memb, lined projections for inc. surface area, receptors for diff micr. products
help indentify type of infection. capture antigens and bring to lymph nodes to present to T cells. |
|
|
neutrophils
|
short live WBC
general purpose phagocyte neutrophil cnt ^ during infection |
|
|
Natural killer cells
|
lymphocytes--impt in def. against intracellular bacterial pathogens and virus
recognize foreign mol. on host membrane, attach and kill infected host cells by releasing toxic granules and cause host cell death SECRETE INTERFERON-GAMMA CYTOKINES to activate macrophages--kills bacteria better |
|
|
toll like receptors
|
macrophages--dendritic cells--epithelial cells (recognize pathogen assoc. molecular patterns (PAMPS) on microbes, not host cells
many types (span cell memb and relay signal inside of cell signal stimulates cytokine prod and decides imm response needed |
|
|
macrophages
|
informers--widely distributed in tissue--break microbe into pieces (antigen epitopes)
onsite janitor of injured tissues important in antigen presentation |
|
|
dendritic cells
|
many memb, lined projections for inc. surface area, receptors for diff micr. products
help indentify type of infection. capture antigens and bring to lymph nodes to present to T cells. |
|
|
neutrophils
|
short live WBC
general purpose phagocyte neutrophil cnt ^ during infection |
|
|
Natural killer cells
|
lymphocytes--impt in def. against intracellular bacterial pathogens and virus
recognize foreign mol. on host membrane, attach and kill infected host cells by releasing toxic granules and cause host cell death SECRETE INTERFERON-GAMMA CYTOKINES to activate macrophages--kills bacteria better |
|
|
toll like receptors
|
macrophages--dendritic cells--epithelial cells (recognize pathogen assoc. molecular patterns (PAMPS) on microbes, not host cells
many types (span cell memb and relay signal inside of cell signal stimulates cytokine prod and decides imm response needed |
|
|
why is it important for NK cells to kill other cells that belong to the host?
|
trained to recognize host cells that are infected and are tumor cells to prevent spread of inf/tumor by killing host cells
|
|
|
4 causes of inflammation
|
rubor and calor--redness and heat
tumor-swelling dolor-pain loss of function (temp) |
|
|
benefits of inflammatory response
|
warn us of injury--mobilizes immune resp--fluid influx dilutes bacteria--fibrin traps bacteria-neutrophils phagocytize and kill bact.--fever--inhiibits growth and helps body hold Fe tighter, ^ Ab prod and T cell activity
|
|
|
Process of phagocytosis
|
diapedesis-migration out of blood--
chemotaxis--move to infl site- phago form psuedopods and engulf bacteria into phagosomes and opsonize (coat with complement of antibodies) Phagosome meets lysosome and gets acidified which kills microbes. phagocytes remove debris |
|
|
neutropenia
|
abnormally low # of neutrophil
founds in aids and chemo pts. granulocyte colony stim factor is used to treat (stimulates bone marrow prod of neutrophils) |
|
|
complement
|
nonspecific--works in both innate and acquired responses
made by liver hepatocytes and WBC. small # of proteins cascade into big effect |
|
|
Complement activation of INITIATION
|
sets up inflammatory reaction
|
|
|
complement activation of amplification
|
calls in neutrophils and macrophages
opsonizes organisms for phagocytosis |
|
|
complement activation of formation of MAC
|
directly kills some organisms by MAC
|
|
|
Complement activation pathways--classical
|
(acquired)
rapid and efficient-- initiation---amplificaton--formation of MAC |
|
|
infection
|
persistence of organism in or on host could include normal flora
|
|
|
infectious disease
|
invasion or destruction of host
results in tissue damage |
|
|
pathogenicity
|
the potential of an organism to cause disease
|
|
|
virulence
|
describes the degree of pathogenicity
if it's virulent it has to be pathogenic |
|
|
localized infection
|
confined to specific tissue
but may get systemic symptoms ie, fever |
|
|
toxemia
|
damage caused by toxin made by organism spread from where organism is located
ie. tetanus |
|
|
subclinical infections (inapparent)
|
does not cause symptoms
person may be carrier multiply in host salmonella typhi--can grow in host in gall blad. and spread in feces |
|
|
clinical infection
|
symptoms are apparent
common cold |
|
|
epidemiology
|
study of things that happen to people
modes of infectious disease disease incidence w/i population |
|
|
non communicable infections
|
infections from normal flora ie candida
food poisoning |
|
|
clostridium tetani
|
from spores in the soil
|
|
|
fomites
|
inanimate objects that spread disease
mosquitos, ticks |
|
|
disease incidence
|
# of new cases within specified period of time
|
|
|
prevalence
|
total number of cases in population at a given time
|
|
|
endemic
|
constantly present at low but constant level
|
