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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Staph aureus
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Coag +; beta - hemolytic; Gold colonies; Protein A; TSST-1 = SUPERANTIGEN; PV leukocidin = COMMUNITY ACQUIRED MRSA; Alpha cytolytic toxin; SSS = no bugs; Bullous impetigo = lots of bugs; enterotoxin = intoxication; impetigo = honey-crusted; carbuncles = systemic; mecA gene = MRSA; vanco!
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Strep agalactiae
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Group B LANCEFIELD; #1 cause of NEONATAL MENINGITIS; CAPSULE; beta - hemolytic; CAMP TEST; BACITRACIN RESISTANT
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Strep pneumoniae
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MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CAP; alpha-hemolytic; CAPSULE; blood-tinged rusty sputum; #1 cause of MENINGITIS in ELDERLY; QUELLUNG; BILE SOLUBLE; OPTOCHIN SENSITIVE
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Enterococci faecalis/faecium
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Group D lancefield; Grow in NaCl, 40% bile salts; UTIs; in feces; virulence - surface adhesins; VANCO resistant ; BLACK PIGMENT ON BILE ESCULIN; OPTOCHIN RESISTANT
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Vibrio cholerae
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OXIDASE +; SUCROSE FERMENTER; HALOPHILE; O1 & O139 = epidemics; A-B TOXIN; ELECTROLYTES!; O1 also virulent; RICE WATER; TCBS --> Green agar turns orange
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V. vulnificus
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Ferments lactose; FISHERMAN = open wound
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Helicobacter pylori
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Urease producer; STOMACH CANCER; DUODENAL ULCERS; GASTRIC MALT = B-cell LYMPHOMAS; Urease test = non-invasive breath test; WARTHIN-STARRY SILVER STAIN
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E. coli
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LEADING CAUSE of NEOTATAL MENINGITIS, UTIs, BACTEREMIA; Ferments lactose; metallic green sheen on EMB agar; LPS = sepsis; 80% of UTIs = pili; LEADING CAUSE OF G- SEPSIS = LPS; NEONATAL MENINGITIS = K1 ANTIGEN (CAPSULE); ETEC = AB toxin = LT and ST; EHEC = bloody, but non-invasive ; EHEC = petting zoos; EHEC = does not ferment SORBITOL; EHEC = Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; EHEC = LEADING CAUSE OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE (kids); EHEC = SLTI (Shiga-like) = disrupts PROTEIN SYNTH; EHEC = SMAC agar (sorbital); EHEC = O157:H7
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S. typhi
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H2S; gall bladder; Typhoid Fever; Rose colored spots
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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CAPSULE; Lactose fermenter on MAC = slimy; Oxidase -; WALKING PNEUMONIA; DARK, RED SPUTUM = CURRANT JELLY; UTIs & SEPTICEMIA = cath and IV lines
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Acinetobacter baumanni
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Iraqibacter (OXIDASE -)
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Moraxella catarrhalis
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Otitis media (OXIDASE +); beta-lactamase
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Legionella pneumophilia
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Water supplies; Lives in Macrophages; IC patients - drinkers, smokers, old age; CHARCOAL; binds to CR3 complement receptors; AIR CONDITIONING; Pontiac - flu-like; Legionnaire's - severe pneumonia (not-productive cough); HYPONATREMIA - HUGE CLUE
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H. influenzae type B
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CAPSULE; #3 CAUSE OF CHILDHOOD MENINGITIS; unvaccinated patients; CATCHER'S STANCE = DROOLING = CHERRY RED EPIGLOTTIS; CHOCOLATE AGAR
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H. influenzae aegyptius
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Brazilian purpuric fever
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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leathery membrane; "chinese letter formation"; culture on LOEFFLERS' COAGULATED SERUM; colonies grow gray/black on tellurite salts; DIPHTHERIA TOXIN - AB; EF-2 = inactivation is irreversible; PHAGE CONVERSION - TOXIN MUST BE ACTIVATED BY BACTERIOPHAGE (pyogenes too); diff morphological forms of same species; pseudomembrane bleeds when scraped; BULL NECK; MYELIN SHEATH DEGENERATION
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Nocardia
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alternating G+ and G- sections of same filament; Up to 45 C; Odor - soil, musty basement; cut infections/bronchopulmonary disease in IC patients; IC patients - pneumonia w/ cavitation/dissemination = NOCARDIA
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N. brasiliensis
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ACTINOMYCOTIC MYCETOMA (MADURA FOOT); painless, subq swelling - lymph
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M. leprae
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HANSEN'S BaCILLUS; CAN NOT be grown on media; ARMADILLOS; 5 forms - related to CMI response; TUBERCULOID LEP - least severe - good CMI - POSITIVE MITSUDA SKIN TEST; LEPROMATOUS - poor CMI - MOST SEVERE - NEGATIVE MITSUDA (no GRANULOMAS); colorless, anesthetic lesions; high number of bacilli --> progressive disfigurement
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M. avium-intracellulare (MAC)
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opportunistic; 98% AIDS; Pulmonary disease; Subacute lymphadenitis - swollen, not painful lymph nodes; Disseminated disease
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M. marinium
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TROPICAL FISH
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Treponema pallidum
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syphilis; spiral, slender; #3 STD behind Chlamydia and gonorrhea; painless chancre - primary; 3 stages - 1/3 go to next stage if not treated; SECONDARY - can cover entire skin (PALMS AND SOLES TOO); PATCHY ALOPECIA (SECONDARY); CONDYLOMATA LATA; "nickle and dime" rash on palms/soles; TERTIARY - NEUROSYPH; GUMMAS - destructive granulomatous lesions; cardiovascular probs --> thor. Aortic aneurysm & aortic endocarditis; If mother had it pre-preg --> fetal death; If mother gets it during preg --> SNUFFLES; CONGENITAL = 8th CN, Hutchinson teeth, saddle nose, cut gummas; non-trep tests - VDRL and RPR - if they are +, talking about syph; Trep tests: used to confirm + VDRL or RPR
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T. carateum
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PINTA; pruritic papules on skin
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B. recurrentis
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RELAPSING FEVER; EPIDEMIC (LOUSE-BORNE); TBRF; Soft ticks get infection from mice; FLUX - antigenic variation - protein change
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Ehrlichiosis chaffeensis/ewingii
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WBC infection; Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (HME) - E. chaffeensis --> infects monocytes; Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (HGA) - A. phagocytophilum --> infects neutrophils; TICKS!; MORULA
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Coxiella burnetii
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Q FEVER; "spore-like"; inhalation - goats, sheep, cattle; found in placenta and feces of livestock; spread as aerosol (wool, hides); Acute - atypical pneumonia; Chronic - subacute endocarditis
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Staph epidermidis
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Coag - ; NOVOBIOCIN SENSITIVE; ENDOCARDITIS
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Staph saprophyticus
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Coag - ; NOVOBIOCIN RESISTANT; UTIs
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Strep pyogenes
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Group A beta (GABHS); strep throat; M Protein --> rheumatigenic/glomerulonepritis; SPE = SCARLET FEVER = SUPERANTIGEN (exotoxin A); SCARLET = strawberry tongue; Dnase = marker for cut. Infection; SCARLET = SANDPAPER RASH = NOT ON PALMS AND SOLES; impetigo - also in s. aureus; pyoderma; erysipelas = butterfly-rash; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS = SPE; RHEUMATIC FEVER - heart valves - TYPE II HS; ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS - TYPE III HS (immune complex); BACITRACIN SENSATIVE; for RF or GN = ASO is present
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Viridans streptococci
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cavities (S. mutans)
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V. parahaemolyticus
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SHELLFISH; Cl- secreting enterotoxin
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Campylobacter jejuni
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sea gull wings; MOST COMMON CAUSE OF BACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; BLOODY DIARRHEA; zoonotic - undercooked chicken; virulence = flagella; associated with Guillain Barre; high incubation = 42°C; OXIDASE + / CATALASE +
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Shigella dysentariae
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blood & mucus = more severe than EHEC; Non-lactose fermenter; NO H2S production; 4 F's (fingers, food, feces, flies); Shiga Toxin = causes same issues as EHEC
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Salmonella
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Non-lactose fermenter; "salmon swim upstream"
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S. enteritis / S. typhimurium
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POULTRY / AMPHIBIAN PETS (THINK STEVE IRWIN); endotoxin --> rise cAMP; 2nd WORSE GASTROENTERITIS after CAMPY (occasionally bloody)
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Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris
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Urease +; H2S +; Non-lactose fermenter; SWARMING; Oxidase -; KIDNEY STONES
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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NONFERMENTER; BIOFILM = #1 RESISTANCE; Oxidase +; CHARACTERISTIC color/odor ; BURN WOUNDS; Cystic Fibrosis; LPS; Exotoxin A - "AB TOXIN" - protein synth shut off; Iron scavenging ; PYOCYANIN; Elastase; Type III secretion system; Alginate = lung infections; swimming pools, hot tubs, contacts; LESIONS = ECTHYMA GANGRENOSUM
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Burkholderia cepacia complex
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pneumonia in IC patients - CF and CGD; Iraqibacter (OXIDASE -); Otitis media (OXIDASE +); beta-lactamase
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N. gonorrhoeae
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Por B; PILI; PID; Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome; GONOCOCCEMIA; OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM = blindness; Antigenic Variation; THAYER-MARTIN AGAR
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N. meningitidis
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METABOLIZES MALTOSE**; CAPSULE!!; Por A & Por B; neck stiffness; Meningococcemia = PETECHIAL RASH; WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME = adrenals
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Bordetella pertussis
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AEROBIC & FASTIDIOUS; droplets inhaled - cilia paralyzed; attaches using FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; PERTUSSIS TOXIN = AB TOXIN; Tracheal cytotoxin = RESPONSIBLE FOR COUGH; WHOOPING COUGH; 3 stages; Oxidase +
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B. parapertussis
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milder cough; OXIDASE -; no pertussis toxin
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B. bronchiseptica
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animals; OXIDASE +
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HACEK
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endocarditis
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Eikenella corrodens
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fist-fight, biting
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H. ducreyi
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STD; chancroid
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B. anthracis
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spores; aerobic; Capsule (glutamic acid); ANTHRAX TOXIN = AB TOXIN; EF (edema factor) - cAMP inducing - similar to bordetella; PF (protecting Ag) + LF (lethal factor) = death; BLACK ESCHAR - surrounded by edema; INHALATION - WIDENED MEDIASTINUM
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B. cereus
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CHINESE FOOD; HEAT STABLE - EMETIC; HEAT LABILE - DIARRHEAL
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Listeria monocytogenes
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capnophilic; beta - hemolytic ; CAN CAUSE NEONATAL MENINGITIS; ROCKET PUPULSION; can grow at 4 degrees C; HOT DOGS, DELI MEATS; LISTERIOLYSIN O HEMOLYSIN; premature delivery of INFECTED INFANT; LEADING CAUSE OF BACT. MENINGITIS IN CANCER PTS; EARLY ONSET - GRANULOMATIS INFANTSEPTICA - IN UTERO (late septic abortion); LATE ONSET - NOT IN UTERO (full-term)
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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aerobic; ACID FAST; "take to top of mountain"; CORD FACTOR - inhibits fusion of macrophage lysosomes; SULFATIDES - protects organism; Need a really good dose to get it - air droplets; CMI response; GHON COMPLEX; MILIARY TB = disseminated; CASEATION NECROSIS; LOWENSTEIN JENSEN AGAR; MANTOUX - type IV
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T. pallidum (endemicum)
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BEJEL; EATING UTENSILS; GUMMAS; FOMITES CAN SPREAD
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T. pertenue
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Granulomatous disease (YAWS)
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B. burgdorferi
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black-legged tick; rodents and deer; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS (bulls-eye); To diagnose: must have ery migrans OR 1 manifestation AND lab conf.
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Leptospiros interrogans
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hooked ends; HAWAII; rodents are main reservoir (urine); skunks, foxes, opposums; contaminated water or direct contact; WEIL DISEASE - hepative symptoms - jaundice
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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TICK; ROCKY MTN SPOTTED FEVER; SURVIVE IN THE CYTOPLASM; RM WOOD TICK - COLORADO REGION; DOG TICK - SOUTHEAST; begins on hands/feet and spreads inward (palms/soles common); WEIL-FELIX = RICKETTSIA
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R. akari
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RICKETTSIALPOX; URBAN CITIES; MITES; firm, red papule; papulovesicular rash - 20-40 lesions on palms/soles
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R. prowazekii
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EPIDEMIC TYPHUS; HUMAN BODY LOUSE; scratch it into the wound; high mortality; BRILL-ZINSSER DISEASE; RASH ON TORSO --> spreads outward
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R. typhi
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ENDEMIC (MURINE) TYPHUS; RAT FLEA
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R. tsutsugamushi
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CHIGGERS
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