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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Eukaryotic Chromosome |
-In nucleus -Tightly coiled around histones -Diploid (2 copies of each) |
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Prokaryotic Chromosome |
-Single, circular -In cytoplasm (nucleoid) -Haploid (1 copy) |
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Transcription |
Process in which the genetic code from DNA is copied as RNA nucleotide sequences. Initiation, Elongation, Termination are the 3 steps.
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Translation |
Process in which the sequence of genetic information carried by mRNA is used by ribosomes to construct polypeptides with specific amino acid sequences. |
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Restriction Enzyme |
Enzyme which cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences and is used to produce recombinant DNA molecules. |
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Reverse Transcriptase |
Complex enzyme that allows retroviruses to make dsDNA from RNA templates |
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Restriction Enzyme |
Enzyme which cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences and is used to produce recombinant DNA molecules. |
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Complementary DNA |
DNA synthesized from an mRNA template using reverse transcriptase. |
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DNA gyrase |
Uncoils DNA strands for replication |
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DNA polymerase |
(Replication)Adds complementary nucleotides to growing strand to the 3’OH -of an existing nucleotide |
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Gene |
a stretch of DNA that contains the code for one protein |
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Initiation
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Step 1 of transcription. RNA polymerase binds to specific nucleotide sequences (promotors) and unzips the DNA for that sequence, making it "expressed" or "on"
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Elongation
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Step 2 of transcription. ribonucleotides align with their DNA complements and the polymerase links them, synthesizing RNA
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Termination
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RHO binds to DNA and the RNA polymerase and newly transcribed RNA are released
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DNA helicase
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(replication)unzips/denatures/melts DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds, forms replication fork
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5 types of RNA transcribed from DNA
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RNA primers (for DNA replication)•mRNA •rRNA •tRNA •Regulatory RNA
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Codon
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Sequence of 3 nucleotides that code for one specific amino acid
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mRNA
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messenger RNA that carries genetic info from chromosome to ribosomes as codons
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tRNA
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transfer RNA, contains anticodon complementary to mRNA that transfers the correct amino acid to a ribosome during polypeptide synthesis
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Substitution mutation
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one base pair of nucleotides changed
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Nonsense mutation
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codon changed to stop codon prematurely
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Missense mutation
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change results in codon for different amino acid
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frameshift mutation
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insertion or deletion of nucleotide pairs results in new sequence of codons
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