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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fastidious
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a
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Facultative anaerobe
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can grow either aerobically or anaerobically. Most organisms that cause infection disease are facultative anaerobes.
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Anaerobe
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requires oxygen to grow. Bacteria will grow in ambient air
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Obligate anaerobe
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cannot grow in the presence of oxygen.
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Capnophilic
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Carbon-dioxide loving
grows beest with higher concentrations of CO2 (5-10% vs. 0.03% HACEK organisms |
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Microaerophilic
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requires reduced concentrations of oxygen (5-10%) to grow. CO2 increased to 8-10%
Campylobacter spp. |
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Transformation
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the uptake of free ("naked") DNA in the environment
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Transduction
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bacteriophages incorporate their DNA into the bacterial cell's chromosome while undergoing replication in the cell.
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conjugation
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the transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells, typically mediated by a "sex" pilus.
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Binary fission
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how bacteria multiply; two daughter cells from one parent cell. The circular DNA molecule is replicated, and then the cell splits into two identical cells
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Replication
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the synthesis of identical strands of DNA from the parent molecule.
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Transcription
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the synthesis of an RNA strand from a DNA template
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Translation
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the process by which the final nucleotide transcript of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.
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Fermentation
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An anaerobic process
Each molecule of glucose yields two ATP molecules and two ethanol molecules (waste) |
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Oxidation
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Respiration; an aerobic process by whereby oxygen is the final electron acceptor
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Normal/Usual flora
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Microorganisms colonized on/in a particular area of the body
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Parasitism
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a relationship between host and organism where the invading organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of the host
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Symbiosis
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two organisms benefit from living together
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Commensalism
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when two organisms live together and one organism benefits while the other is unharmed.
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carrier state
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a
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Innate immunity
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natural immunity; mechanisms that defend the host from infection in a non-specific manner
Includes: mucosal linings, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, skin, phagocytosis, inflammation |
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adaptive immunity
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1) Hummoral
2) Cell Mediated "memory", specific immunity, acquired |
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Routes of transmission
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respiratory, fecal-oral, arthropods, fomites, sexual transmission, etc.
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Reasons for over-decolorization
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a
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Reasons for under-decolorization
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a
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Peptidoglycan layer, structure and function
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Structure:
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Capsule structure and function
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a
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Cytoplasmic membrane
structure and function |
a
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Ribosomes
Structure and function |
a
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Flagella and Cilia
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a
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Pili
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a
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Chromosome
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a
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Gram-negative cell wall structures
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a
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Gram-positive cell wall structures
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a
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