Micro Chpt 6

Front 1

Catagories

Back 1

carbon sx, energy sx,electron sx, o2 req, pyscical req, , PH, H2O req.

Front 2

Growth

Back 2

Increase in # of cells by binary fusion

Front 3

Hetero and autotrophs

Back 3

Carbon sx auto make their own
Hetero- use org comp

Front 4

Chemo and photo throphs

Back 4

By energy sx- Chemo oxidize inredox reactions org compounds Photo - uses light as energy sx

Front 5

Growth factors

Back 5

small amounts of of ORGANIC comp they cant synthsize i in add to C2 and energy. H2o is not one.

Front 6

organotroph and lithotroph

Back 6

get electron sx organ - get e from same organic molecule that provide the c2 and energy
lith- get e- or syn all needs from inorganic nutrients (ex H2, No2)

Front 7

Obligate aerobes

Back 7

must use O2 as final acceptor and have detox enzymes and antooxidant like vit e and C that get E- that reduce tox O2 Fungi, algea, Protozoa and many prokaryotes

Front 8

obligate anaerobes ex- clostrudium

Back 8

Killed by tox O2(singlet,superoxides,peroxides, hydroxy radical bc they lack enzymes to get rid of them , many prokayote and some protozoa

Front 9

tox forms of O2

Back 9

Singlet- e- are boosted to higher WBC us to ox a pathagen, superoxides-from incomplete reduc of O2, Perox-aerobes have detox enzymes anearobes dont, Hydroxy-most reactive but not to aerobic cells.

Front 10

Faculative anaerobes

Back 10

make ATP with(cell resp) or w/o O2(ferment) like e colin yeast and many prokaryotes

Front 11

aerotolerant anaerobes

Back 11

ferment only so no O2 but can tolerate O2 b/c they have detox enzymes likelactobacilli. many prokayote and some protozoa

Front 12

Microaerophilles

Back 12

prefers low conc of O2 in the 2-10 % levels like H Pylori which causes ulcers many prokayote and some protozoa

Front 13

Nitrogen

Back 13

needes to syn nucleotides atp and A.A's. not many bac can use N2 except nitrogen fixation cyanobacteria and Rhizobium

Front 14

tEMP

Back 14

determined by bac's enz's ability to withstand denature Too high- h bonds break and AA denature and lipid reg membranes that are temp sens

Front 15

Temp catagories

Back 15

Psychrophilles- cold O-15 %, Mesophiles- 15-42% opt is 37 %, thermophiles- 45-100 % hyper- above 100% archea

Front 16

thermophiles

Back 16

stabalize AAs with extra H2 and cov bonds, dont cause disease b/c they freeze at body temp

Front 17

Listeria monocytogenes

Back 17

psychrophil and monophiles, contaminates refrig foods and infects elderly and preg

Front 18

PH Conc of Hydrogen

Back 18

most perfer Nuetral PH like baca and protozoa. acid like low like funngi andbac, acid tolerant have enzymes tol tol higher ph Alkalie like high like vibrio cholera

Front 19

H2O and os pressure

Back 19

plasmolysis with wall in hyperton B/c of osmotic pressure and lysis w/o wall in hypotonic SAltwater is hypertonic which loses H2O fresh is hypo which gains H2O

Front 20

Osmotic pressure halophiles halo= salt

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Obligate halophiles- grow at high osmotic pressurelike salt ponds. Facultative can tolerate high salt ex- Vibrio sp.

Front 21

Hydrostatic pressure BAros= weight

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H2o exerts pressure. Barophiles need extreme pressures to live and cant cause disease b/c they denature in reg press

Front 22

Growth curve

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Lag- prep for div make enzymes no up in Cells. Log (expon)up in# of cells. stationary- no up b/c no nutrients. deathsome cells are res(spores)

Front 23

Log( exponetial)

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most vulnerable time for bacteria b/c drugs and disindect can inhibit cell wall/growth and perferred in lab b/c cell wall intact

Front 24

viable plate counts

Back 24

For large # of cells in small sample. on plates with 25-250 colonies. dilution - colonies times reciprocal of dilution = # of CFU

Front 25

Membrane filtration

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More acc than viable. For Small # of cells in large sample. # of colonies is equal to # of CRU in original

Front 26

Micro counts

Back 26

placed on cell counter. mean # of of bac per square times 1,250,000 = # of bacteria per ml . for more that 10,000,000 cells per ml and faster to count but counts dead cell and not for the motile

Front 27

Electronoc countes Coulter- counts

Back 27

cell that interrupt good for big yeast algea and protozoa not for bacteria counts b/c of debris

Front 28

E counter- flow cytometry-

Back 28

light sensitive detector to record changes in light. for stained cells can count bac in a solutin or host cells with stained parasites

Front 29

MPN Most probable #

Back 29

for bacteria not grown on solid media and routine counts and algal ccells. # of( +) results in 3 dilution by use of MPN table

Front 30

Indirect methods to count cells

Back 30

Metabolic activity, dry weight, Turbidity( spectrophometer) measeres% of transision and absorbance easy and fast to use but counts dead cells

Front 31

Capnophilis

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perfer high C2 and low O2 like niesseria gonnorhea which use a candle jat to grow them

Front 32

Capnophilis

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perfer high C2 and low O2 like niesseria gonnorhea which use a candle jat to grow them

Front 33

Defined media

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(AKA- synthetic medium) exact chem compisition of the media is known.

Front 34

pop growth on graph

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semilogarithmic graph using log scale on y axis

Front 35

Lyophilization

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freeze drying

Front 36

Quorum sensing

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ability to respond to changes in pop density makes biofilms

Front 37

All cells need

Back 37

Carbon, electrons, energy

Front 38

Vitamins

Back 38

small ORGANIC molecules req in minute traces

Front 39

Min Growth temp

Back 39

lowest temp a a microbe cam metabolize, oppisite is Maximum

Front 40

Caratenoid

Back 40

pigments that protect phototrophs from singlet O2

Front 41

Streak plate

Back 41

streaking a plate num times flaming loop between streaks to isolate microbes

Front 42

Pour plate-

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diff between streak is that colonies form at and below medium, diluted media is mixed with warm agar med to cool

Front 43

Culture media

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Petri, Slant tubes ( cool at a slant to up SA. six types- defined,complex,selective, differential, anaerob,transport

Front 44

Fastedious

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organisms that req a large # of growth factors which can be used as living assaysfor presence of growth factors use enriched fortified media

Front 45

Complex media

Back 45

for chemoheterotrophs including pathogens. exact comp is unknown can support wider variety of org ex- TSA, blood ,

Front 46

Selective-

Back 46

has substanances that either favor or inhibit growth