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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Prokaryotes
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Bacteria and Archaea
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Shapes
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Coccus , coccobacillus,Bacillus, Vibrio, Pleomorphic, Spirilum
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Glycocalyx
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( Capsule) -Polysaccaride/protein. - Protects Adheres( for pathogenicity), FOR bIOFILMS
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Slime layer
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( Biofilms) . Impervious to antibiotics and disinfectantsQourum sensing signaling to come together Dextran is important comp.
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Bacterial flagella
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for motility and ID purpose.Flagellin is the protein, for chemotaxis or phototaxis, Axial filament is for systemis spread. ex- Treponema pallidum and Borrelia sp.
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Pili/Fimbriae
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For attachment and starts biofilms. shorter and more numerous than flagella. can chang shape
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Conjugation
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Pilus for plasmid donation (HGT) known as F pili
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Cell wall
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prevents osmotic lysisin hypotonic solution, cell shape and attachment.
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Peptidoglycan
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Tetra ( 4) peptides and sugars NAM and NAG. in most bacteria thick layer is gram pos
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Outer membrane
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only in gram neg phospholipid bilayer had channel proteins and LPS(lipopolysaccaride) The O poly sacc is used to ID strains
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LPS
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GRam Negative only b/c alcohol dissolved membrane and is counterstained with pink.
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Acid fast aorganism
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Mycobacterium and Nocardia sp. are +. they fasten with red. has 60% waxy lipids which allow retentionof carbolfuchsin. are slow growers b/c waxy wall takes lots of energy
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Mycoplasma
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HAs no cellwall Ex- Mycoplasma pneumoniae( walking) so pleomorphic. and req sterols
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Chlamydia
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Outer membrane only no peptidoglycan might be a virus b/c it is losing its comp and dep on host for ATP
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Arcaeabacteria
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no peptidoglycan in cell wall
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Plasma memmbrane
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Boundary of cell and enviroment found inside cell wall, regulatury function ( makes ATP in aerobic prokaryote) lack sterol unlike eukaryote
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Plasma membrane function
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Transport: passive( no energy, a:difusion, b: facilitated diffusion need channel. C: osmosis diffusion on H2O) . Active: needs ATP proton pump goes against gradient
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Osmosis with cell wall
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Cell wall+ no lysis( bursting) has turgor pressure if H2O enters in hypotonic and H2o leaving causes plasmolysis(shrinks) in hypertonic
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Osmosis without cell wall
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like animal cells and protozoans. Lyse when H2O entersin hypotonic and shrivel when H2O leaves in Hypertonic
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IN cytoplasm
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nuclear region,inclusions, ribosomes,plasmids, endospores
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Nuclear region
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nucleoid where dna is found no nuclear membrane DNA is usu. as a plasmids(haploid) to give high mutation rate and no histones to package it
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Inclusion
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has glycogen,lipids, starch, nitrogen, sulfur FOR ENERGY or gases for bouyancy like cyanobacteria
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Ribosomes
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rRNA+proteins, 50s+30s =70S (prokaryote) function- protein synthesis. Eukaryote is 80s
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Plasmids
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transferred in congugation but makes copies for original
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Endospores
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Resistant structure in cytoplasm of veg cells of Bacillus and Clostridum( tetanus,botulis,difficile) protects and diff to kill only by incineration Not RePRODUCTive
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