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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Prokaryotes
Bacteria and Archaea
Shapes
Coccus , coccobacillus,Bacillus, Vibrio, Pleomorphic, Spirilum
Glycocalyx
( Capsule) -Polysaccaride/protein. - Protects Adheres( for pathogenicity), FOR bIOFILMS
Slime layer
( Biofilms) . Impervious to antibiotics and disinfectantsQourum sensing signaling to come together Dextran is important comp.
Bacterial flagella
for motility and ID purpose.Flagellin is the protein, for chemotaxis or phototaxis, Axial filament is for systemis spread. ex- Treponema pallidum and Borrelia sp.
Pili/Fimbriae
For attachment and starts biofilms. shorter and more numerous than flagella. can chang shape
Conjugation
Pilus for plasmid donation (HGT) known as F pili
Cell wall
prevents osmotic lysisin hypotonic solution, cell shape and attachment.
Peptidoglycan
Tetra ( 4) peptides and sugars NAM and NAG. in most bacteria thick layer is gram pos
Outer membrane
only in gram neg phospholipid bilayer had channel proteins and LPS(lipopolysaccaride) The O poly sacc is used to ID strains
LPS
GRam Negative only b/c alcohol dissolved membrane and is counterstained with pink.
Acid fast aorganism
Mycobacterium and Nocardia sp. are +. they fasten with red. has 60% waxy lipids which allow retentionof carbolfuchsin. are slow growers b/c waxy wall takes lots of energy
Mycoplasma
HAs no cellwall Ex- Mycoplasma pneumoniae( walking) so pleomorphic. and req sterols
Chlamydia
Outer membrane only no peptidoglycan might be a virus b/c it is losing its comp and dep on host for ATP
Arcaeabacteria
no peptidoglycan in cell wall
Plasma memmbrane
Boundary of cell and enviroment found inside cell wall, regulatury function ( makes ATP in aerobic prokaryote) lack sterol unlike eukaryote
Plasma membrane function
Transport: passive( no energy, a:difusion, b: facilitated diffusion need channel. C: osmosis diffusion on H2O) . Active: needs ATP proton pump goes against gradient
Osmosis with cell wall
Cell wall+ no lysis( bursting) has turgor pressure if H2O enters in hypotonic and H2o leaving causes plasmolysis(shrinks) in hypertonic
Osmosis without cell wall
like animal cells and protozoans. Lyse when H2O entersin hypotonic and shrivel when H2O leaves in Hypertonic
IN cytoplasm
nuclear region,inclusions, ribosomes,plasmids, endospores
Nuclear region
nucleoid where dna is found no nuclear membrane DNA is usu. as a plasmids(haploid) to give high mutation rate and no histones to package it
Inclusion
has glycogen,lipids, starch, nitrogen, sulfur FOR ENERGY or gases for bouyancy like cyanobacteria
Ribosomes
rRNA+proteins, 50s+30s =70S (prokaryote) function- protein synthesis. Eukaryote is 80s
Plasmids
transferred in congugation but makes copies for original
Endospores
Resistant structure in cytoplasm of veg cells of Bacillus and Clostridum( tetanus,botulis,difficile) protects and diff to kill only by incineration Not RePRODUCTive