Micro Chapters 2 & 7

Front 1

metabolism

Back 1

all the synthesis reactions in an organism

Front 2

catabolism

Back 2

all the decompostion reactions in an organism

Front 3

What are the four macromolecules?

Back 3

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Front 4

functions of carbohydrates

Back 4

1. long-term storage of chemical energy (starch, glycogen)

2. ready energy source (glucose)

3. part of backbones of nucleic acids

4. converted to amino acids

5. form cell wall

6. involved in intracellular interactions between animal cells

Front 5

functions of proteins

Back 5

1. structure

2. enzymatic catalysis

3. regulation

4. transportation

Front 6

functions of nucleic acids

Back 6

1. DNA is genetic material of all organisms and of many viruses

2.carries instruction for synthesis of RNA and proteins (controls synthesis of all molecules in an organism)

Front 7

functions of lipids

Back 7

1. Lipids store energy in the cell

2. They are the primary components of cell membranes

Front 8

anabolism

Back 8

the synthesis of molecules in a cell

Front 9

An organism that is capable of living without oxygen if necessary is termed a

Back 9

facultative anaeorobe

Front 10

During this phase of growth, newly inoculated cells require a period of adjustment, enlargement, and synthesis.

Back 10

lag phase

Front 11

A microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of free gaseous oxygen

Back 11

aerobe

Front 12

The formation of two new cells of approximately equal size as the result of parent cell division.

Back 12

binary fission

Front 13

An intimate association between individuals from two species

Back 13

symbiosis

Front 14

When cells reach maximum rate of cell division it is called

Back 14

log phase

Front 15

When the population enters survival mode and rate of cell death is equal to multiplication is called

Back 15

stationary phase

Front 16

When the population curve dips and more cells are dying than multiplying

Back 16

death phase

Front 17

Microorganisms that has an optimum temperature below 15C, found in refrigerators

Back 17

psychrophile

Front 18

Grows at intermediate temperatures, most human pathogens, optimum growth 20C to 40C

Back 18

mesophile

Front 19

Grows 45C to 80C, grows in warm/hot temperatures

Back 19

thermophile

Front 20

Grows 80C to 120C, found in geysers & extreme environments

Back 20

hyperthermophile

Front 21

Grow in acidic environments

Back 21

acidophile

Front 22

Grow in basic environments, pH 8-12

Back 22

alkaliphile

Front 23

grow at neutral pH between 6.5-7.5, most microbes

Back 23

neutrophile

Front 24

prefer high concentrations of salt

Back 24

halophile

Front 25

Saprobes

Back 25

Free-living microorganisms- bacteria or fungi. Decomposers

Front 26

Parasites

Back 26

Live on or in a host, derive nutrients from the cells or tissues of a living host. Pathogenic. Range from viruses, helminths, fungi, protozoa

Front 27

Mutualism

Back 27

Type of symbiosis. When organisms live in a mutually beneficial relationship

Front 28

Commensalism

Back 28

Type of symbiosis. When an organism in the relationship is called the commensal receives the benefits, while its co-inhabitant is neither harmed nor benefited

Front 29

Parasitism

Back 29

ParasitismType of symbiosis. A relationship in which the host organism provides the parasitic microbe with nutrients and a habitat. Can become harmful to host and eventually evolve into a mutalism or commensalism