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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Binary Fission |
A parent cell divides in half into two daughter cells |
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What is budding |
Small buds form on the mother cell and continue to grow as the daughter cell. Mainly yeast |
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What are the four phases of the bacterial growth curve |
Lag Log Stationary Declibe |
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Lag phase |
Organisms are not increasing significantly but are metabolically active. The length of this phase depends on bacterua and growth conditions. |
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Log phase |
Organisms grow at an exponential rate. Average time is 20 mins to 2 hrs |
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Generation time |
Organisms double their number at a rate specific to that species |
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Nonsynchronous |
Organisms do not all reproduce at once, nature |
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Synchronous |
All reproduce a once, drug induced in a lab |
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Stationary phase |
Rate of growth and death are equal Log phase slows because of lack of nutrients |
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Decline phase |
Cells die at a logarithmic rate due to lack of nutrients Spore forming cells make spores Cells undergo involution |
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Serial dilutions |
Used to find the number of bacteria per ml of culture. |
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Colony forming units, CFUS And how to calculate it |
counts only live cells A measurement of the number of bacteria in 1ml of culture. Count colonies on the plate then multiple by the diluation factor |
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Petroff Hausser chamber |
Counts both live and dead Cells |
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Spectrophotometry |
Measures turbidity of a culture |
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Physical factors affecting bacterial growth |
PH temperature Oxygen Moisture Hydrostatic pressure Osmotic pressure Radiation |
Ptomhor |
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Nutritional factors affecting bacterial growth |
Carbon source Nitrogen source Sulfur Phosphorus Trace elements Vitamins Nutritional complexity Locations of enzymes |
C N S P T V N L |
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Acidophiles |
Like acidic environments between 0.1 and 5.4 ph Lactobacillus |
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Neutrophiles |
Between 5.4 and 8.0 Most pathogenic |
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Alkaliphiles |
7.0 to 11.5 Vibrio cholerae Many of these bacteria produce acidic byproducts that stunt their own growth |
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Psychrophiles |
Cold loving 15 and 20 degrees Celsius |
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Mesophiles |
Between 25 and 40 degrees |
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Thermophiles |
Between 50 and 60 |
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Obligate |
Must have specific environment to live |
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Facultative |
Can adapt to other conditions |
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Obligate aerobes |
Must have oxygen for aerobic respiration |
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Microaerophiles |
Need small amounts of oxygen |
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Facultative anaerobes |
Use oxygen but can adapt to anaerobic metabolism |
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Aerotolerant anaerobes |
Can survive in oxygen but don't use it |
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Obligate anaerobes |
Killed by oxygen |
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Plasmolysis |
Shrinking caused by hyperosmotic environment |
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Turgidity |
Swelling caused by a hypoosmotic environment |
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Halophiles |
Bacteria that require high salt environment |
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Selective media |
Allows some organisms to grow but inhibits others |
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Differential media |
Allows more than one organism to grow on the plate but allows you to distinguish between them, often using color |
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Enrichment media |
Contains special nutrients to allow growth of a specific organism |
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API |
Analytical profile index Series of mini biochemical tests |
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