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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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endosymbiotic theory |
explains how euaryotic cell may have evolved from prokaryotic cells. |
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What makes up the endomembrane? |
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - Lysosome - Vacuole - Peroxisome |
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What makes up the exterrnal structure? |
Ciia Flagella glycocalyx cell wall cytoplamic membrane |
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What are the 2 locomotor organs of a euaryote |
Cilia Flagella |
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What the layers of the membrane |
Glcocalyx-outmost Cell wall-layer below glycocalyx Cytoplasmic membrane- membrane beneath cell wall |
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What is the difference between animal cell and plant cell |
Animal cell have lysosomes while plant cells have chloroplast |
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What are haploids |
A single set of unpaired chromosomes
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What are diploids |
Having two copies of each chromosome
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What are eukaryotic microbes |
Fungi Algae ProtoZoa parasitic worms |
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What are always unicellular |
Protozoa |
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Which can be both unicellular or multicellular |
Fungi, and Algae |
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Which can be multicellular |
helminth |
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What are the 2 divided group of kingdom fungi |
Macroscopic Microscopic |
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Yeast is what type of cell |
Unicellular |
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Mold is what type of cell |
Mulitcellular |
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Which is dimorphic |
yeast and mold |
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What are the characteristics of fungi |
-Heterotrophic
- Haploid species - Chitin cell walls |
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What are Hyphae |
Filaments that made up the fungi
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What are mycelium |
: A dense mass of hyphae
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What are Septate |
Cross walls that divide the hyphae
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What are spores |
Fungal reproductive body
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What are Zygote |
Structure formed by fusing two haploid cells
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What are the 2 ways fungi reproduce? |
sexually, assexually |
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What are the Sporangspores |
Sporangiospores: Spores enclosed in a sacklikehead called sporangium asexual |
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Conidia or conidiospores |
Free spores not enclosed by a spore-bearing sac |
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What are zygospores |
Haploid spores formed within zygote |
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What are Ascospores |
HAploid spores formed within ascus |
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Wat are Basidiospores |
HApliods formed on the outside of basidium |
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The spore producingstructures of fungi are called what?
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Fruiting bodies
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What are the fungal classifications |
Phylum I – Zygomycota Producing zygospores (sexualspores)
Phylum II – Ascomycota:Producingascospores (sexualspores) Phylum III – Basidiomycota:Producing basidiospores (sexualspores) Phylum IV – Deuteromycota:do not haveperfect stage (donot havesexualspores) |
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What are the adverse impact of fungi |
Mycoses,allergies,toxin production – Destruction of crops and foodstorages
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What are the beneficial |
– Decomposers of dead 1plants and animals
– Sources of antibiotics, alcohol,organic acids,vitamins – Used in making foods and in genetic studies |
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What is a lichen |
Symbiotic association between a fungus and photosynthetic organism
Mutualistic combination of an alga (or cyanobacterium) and fungus The fungal component of lichens are mostly ascomycetes |
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What are te 3 type of lichens |
fruticose foilose crustose |
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what are Economic Effects of Lichens
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• Dyes
• Antimicrobial (Usnea) • Litmus |
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What is Algae |
eukaryotic organisms, usually unicellular and colonial, that photosynthesize with chlorophyll a
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What is a protozoa |
unicellular eukaryotes that lack tissues and share similarities in cell structure, nutrition, life cycle, and biochemistry
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What are the subkingdoms of algae |
Unicellular or multicellular
- Photosynthetic - Autotrophs - Plant-like organism - Aquatic - Having chloroplast |
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What are the subkingdom protozoa |
Unicellular
- Nonphotosynthetic - Heterotrophs - Animal-likeorganisms - Lack of cell wall - Nochloroplast |
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What are the ecological and pathological importance of the subkingdom algae |
Form phytoplanktons- produce most ofthe earth’s O2
- Rarely disease agents - Cause red tide |
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What are the ecological and pathological importance of the subkingdom protozoa
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Form zooplanktons
- Heterotrophic - Primarily free living - Few are pathogens |
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All protozoan pathogens have a phase.
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Trophozoite
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What are the pathogenic sporozoa |
Plasmodiumspp. – Malaria
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What are the pathogenic Flagellates |
Trypanosomes– Trypanosoma
• T . brucei – African sleeping sickness • T . cruzi– Chaga’s disease;South America |
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What are the infective Amoebas |
Entamoeba histolytica – amebicdysentery; worldwide
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What distinguishes the kingdom Animalia |
Multicellular
• Having organ, muscular , and nervous systems • Diploid species • No cell wall |
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What are flat worms |
flat, no definite body cavity; digestive tract a blind pouch
E.g Cestodes,trematodes or flukes |
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What are round worms |
nematodes- round, a complete digestive tract, a protective surface cuticle pinworm- enterobias |
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What are the taxa names for round and flat worms |
Roundworm- Phylum Ashelminthes Flatworm-Phylum Platyhelminthes |
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What are the life stages of a helminth |
egg,cyst,larva,adult |
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All adult helminths produce
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fertilized eggs and larvae
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What are the adverse impact of helmiths |
animal and plant pathogens |
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What are some beneficial impacts |
improving the texture of soil |
