Micro- Chapter 5

Front 1

Krebb Cycle and Electron Transport are Aerobic or Anaerobic?

Back 1

Aerobic

Front 2

Glycolysis and Fermentation occur where?

Back 2

Cytoplasm

Front 3

A reaction that requires energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

Back 3

Anabolism

Front 4

What is needed for growth, reproduction, and repair of cellular structures?

Back 4

Anabolism

Front 5

Reactions that release energy by breaking complex molecules into simpler ones that can then be reused as building blocks

Back 5

Catabolism

Front 6

What provides an organism with energy for its life processes including such as movement, transport, and synthesis of complex molecules?

Back 6

Catabolism

Front 7

The mind trick to remember Anabolism and Catabolism is:

Back 7

Ana-build
Cata-break

Front 8

Chemical reactions=Energy Source.... What are most bacteria, all protozoans, all fungi, and all animals known as?

Back 8

Chemoheterotrophs

Front 9

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions how?

Back 9

By lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur

Front 10

Ex. of Enzyme Specificity:
Urease is an enzyme that only works upon ___________

Back 10

urea

Front 11

Enzyme specificity means that the enzyme only ___________ one type of reaction

Back 11

catalyzes

Front 12

When an enzyme acts on more than one substrate, it acts on substrate with the same functional group or the same kind of bond

Back 12

Proteolytic Peptide bonds

Front 13

Are present and funtional outside the cell, they are made and secreted

Back 13

Exoenzymes

Front 14

Are present, and functional inside the cell

Back 14

Endoenzymes

Front 15

The main protein portion of the enzyme

Back 15

Apoenzymes

Front 16

The entire enzyme and its cofactors

Back 16

Holoenzymes

Front 17

Carriers of hydrogen molecules and electrons (something that is in a reaction)

Back 17

Coenzymes

Front 18

NAD is a coenzyme or cofactor?

Back 18

Coenzyme

Front 19

Usually inorganic molecules like zinc or iron; improve the fit of an enzyme with its substrate

Back 19

Cofactor

Front 20

T/F
Coenzymes are carriers of hydrogen molecules. An example is iron.

Back 20

False-- iron is a cofactor
NAD is an example of a coenzyme

Front 21

What are 3 purposes of Enzyme Inhibition?

Back 21

1) Is used to slow or stop the enzyme rate of reaction
2) Prevents waste of materials and energy
3) Prevents harmful quantities of compounds to build up

Front 22

Competitive Inhibition depends on the ________________ of the substrate and inhibitor

Back 22

Concentrations

Front 23

Another word from Noncompetitive Inhibition is:

Back 23

Allosteric Inhibition

Front 24

T/F
Antibiotics can be inhibitors

Back 24

True-- can change enzyme reactions by changing the active site of the enzyme

Front 25

2 Factors that affect enzyme reactions:

Back 25

Temp: 37 degrees Celcius
pH: 7

Front 26

Phosphorilation: transfering phosphate groups to glucose

Back 26

Step 1 of Glycolysis

Front 27

Break down of glucose into two 3-Carbons

Back 27

Step 2 of Glycolysis

Front 28

Transfer of electrons to NAD

Back 28

Step 3 of Glycolysis

Front 29

Capture of energy in ATP

Back 29

Step 4 of Glycolysis

Front 30

Formation Pyruvic Acid

Back 30

Step 5 of Glycolysis

Front 31

Embden-Myerhoff pathway=?

Back 31

Glycolysis

Front 32

Anaerobic means:

Back 32

without oxygen

Front 33

Homolactic Fermentation yields:?
What is that product found in?

Back 33

Lactic Acid;
Yogurt, dairy products

Front 34

Alcoholic Fermentation yields:?
What is that product found in?

Back 34

Ethyl Alcohol and CO2;
Wines, beers... (alcohols)

Front 35

Propionic Fermentation yields: ?
What is that product found in?

Back 35

Propionic Acid, Acetic Acid, and CO2;
Vinegars

Front 36

Butyric-butylic Fermentation yields: ?
What is that product found in?

Back 36

Butyric acid butanol, isopropyl alchohol, ethyl alcohol, and CO2;
Gas Gangrene

Front 37

Pyruvic acid loses a molecule of CO2 and is oxidized by
NAD which produces a (two or three) carbon acetyl group

Back 37

Two

Front 38

The two carbon acetyl group attaches to coenzyme A
producing:

Back 38

acetyl-CoA

Front 39

Aerobic means:

Back 39

with oxygen

Front 40

A series of compounds that transfer electrons from one compound to another, generating ATP. How much ATP is produced?

Back 40

Electron Transport;
34

Front 41

The main production of ATP occurs when?

Back 41

Electron Transport

Front 42

Glycolysis and Fermentation occur where?

Back 42

Cytoplasm

Front 43

Kreb's Cycle occurs where?

Back 43

Mitochondria

Front 44

Glycolysis and Fermentation both are in what kind of oxygen state: Anaerobic or Aerobic?

Back 44

Anaerobic

Front 45

Kreb's Cycle and Electron Transport are in what kind of oxygen state: Anaerobic or Aerobic?

Back 45

Aerobic

Front 46

The amount of ATP produced in Glycolysis is:

Back 46

4 ATP with a net of 2 ATP

Front 47

The amount of ATP produced in Fermentation is:

Back 47

2 or 3 ATP

Front 48

The amount of ATP produced in Kreb's Cycle is:

Back 48

2 ATP

Front 49

The amount of ATP produced in Electron Transport is:

Back 49

34 ATP

Front 50

Electron Transport occurs where?

Back 50

Cell Membrane

Front 51

The acetyl-CoA step occurs in what metabolic process?

Back 51

Kreb's Cycle

Front 52

Fats, Carbohydrates, and Proteins all can be converted into the Electron Transport Chain through which metabolic process?

Back 52

Kreb's Cycle