Micro Chapter 3

Front 1

Prokaryote/ Eukaryote Similarities

Back 1

-DNA is the hereditary material that controls structure and function
-Biochemical reactions are used for growth and energy convrsions
- Respnse to stimuli
-reproduce to produce offspring
-adapt from one generation to the next

Front 2

when bacterial cells are looked at with an electron miscrope two things are seen

Back 2

Cell Structure and Pattern of organization

Front 3

cellular process is?

Back 3

the activities all cells carry out for the continued survival of the cell

Front 4

bacteria cells carry out many of the same processes as eukaryotes but only without what?

Back 4

the needs for an elaborate, visible structural organization

Front 5

Organisms strive to maintain a stable internal state by making appropriate metabolic or structural adjustments. this ability to adjust yet maintain a relatively steady internal state is called?

Back 5

homeostasis

Front 6

it has been estimated that up to 99% of bacterial species line in communal accociations called?

Back 6

biofilms

Front 7

___________ involves The ability of bacteria to sense their numbers, and then to communicate and coordinate behavior , including gene expression via signaling molecules

Back 7

Quorum sensing

Front 8

it is during the colonization that the cells are able to "__________" and cooperate through chemical communication

Back 8

Speak to each other

Front 9

_______ are characterized by structral heterogeneity, genetic diversity, and complex community interactions

Back 9

biofilms

Front 10

Biofilms can be associated with ?

Back 10

infections

Front 11

Prokaryote/ Eukaryote Similarities

Back 11

-DNA is the hereditary material that controls structure and function
-Biochemical reactions are used for growth and energy convrsions
- Respnse to stimuli
-reproduce to produce offspring
-adapt from one generation to the next

Front 12

when bacterial cells are looked at with an electron miscrope two things are seen

Back 12

Cell Structure and Pattern of organization

Front 13

cellular process is?

Back 13

the activities all cells carry out for the continued survival of the cell

Front 14

bacteria cells carry out many of the same processes as eukaryotes but only without what?

Back 14

the needs for an elaborate, visible structural organization

Front 15

Organisms strive to maintain a stable internal state by making appropriate metabolic or structural adjustments. this ability to adjust yet maintain a relatively steady internal state is called?

Back 15

homeostasis

Front 16

it has been estimated that up to 99% of bacterial species line in communal accociations called?

Back 16

biofilms

Front 17

___________ involves The ability of bacteria to sense their numbers, and then to communicate and coordinate behavior , including gene expression via signaling molecules

Back 17

Quorum sensing

Front 18

it is during the colonization that the cells are able to "__________" and cooperate through chemical communication

Back 18

Speak to each other

Front 19

_______ are characterized by structral heterogeneity, genetic diversity, and complex community interactions

Back 19

biofilms

Front 20

Biofilms can be associated with ?

Back 20

infections

Front 21

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann developed part of the ________ by demonstrating all plants and animals are composed of one or more cells, making the cell the fundamental unit of life

Back 21

Cell theory

Front 22

All organisms have a similar _______ whereby the hereditary material is communicated or expressed

Back 22

genetic organization

Front 23

Hereditary information is organized in?

Back 23

chromosomes

Front 24

Structurally, most__________ cells have a single, circular DNA molecule without an enclosing membrane

Back 24

Prokaryotes

Front 25

_____ have multiple, linear chromosomes enclosed by the membrane envelope of the cell nucleus

Back 25

Eukaryotes

Front 26

Ribosomes make?

Back 26

Protein

Front 27

______ are in all cells because all cells need to make protein

Back 27

ribosomes

Front 28

________ is surrounded by a cell membrane which selectively allows substances in or out of the cell

Back 28

Cytoplasm

Front 29

_______ is the chemical reactions that occur in the cell

Back 29

Metabolism

Front 30

______ occurs at the

Back 30

ribosome

Front 31

Eukaryotes have membrane-enclosed _______ that carry out specialized functions

Back 31

organelles

Front 32

the endomembrane system is comprised of ?

Back 32

rough ER and Smooth ER

Front 33

______ are involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transport

Back 33

Rough and Smooth ER

Front 34

the _________ is a group of independent stacks of flattened membranes and vesicles where the proteins and lipids coming from the ER are processed, sorted, and packaged form transport

Back 34

Golgi apparatus

Front 35

through a process called_______ all cells convert chemical energy into cellular energy

Back 35

cellular respiration

Front 36

_________ perform cellular respiration in eukaryotes

Back 36

mitochondria

Front 37

prokaryotes use the _____ and _____ to perform cellular respiration because they lack mitochondria

Back 37

cytoplasm
cell membrane

Front 38

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes can both perform______,which involves conversion of light into chemical energy

Back 38

photosynthesis

Front 39

the eukaryotes __________ gives the cell structure and transports materials within the cell

Back 39

cytoskeleton

Front 40

many microbial organisms use the process of _______ to move from one place to another

Back 40

Cell Motoility

Front 41

both eukaryotes and prokaryotes use ______ for motility

Back 41

flagella

Front 42

many prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a cell wall to help maintain water balance by_______

Back 42

osmosis

Front 43

all cell walls

Back 43

provide support, give them shape, and help them resist the pressure exerted by the internal water pressure

Front 44

_______ is the science of classification, involving arranging related organisms into logical catergories

Back 44

taxonomy

Front 45

Carolus Linnaeus published ______, establishing a uniform system for naming organisms

Back 45

Systema Naturae

Front 46

____________ gives scientific names to organisms

Back 46

Nomenclature

Front 47

each name includes two words, the ____ and _____

Back 47

genus
specific epithet

Front 48

the levels of classification are?

Back 48

domain
kingdom
phylum/division
class
order
family
genus
species

Front 49

whittaker and margulis developed the _______ system, giving bacterica thier own kingdom

Back 49

five-kingdom

Front 50

the _______________ was proposed by carl woese, based on data from rRNA sequence

Back 50

three-domain system

Front 51

Carl Woese created a ________ System

Back 51

Three- domain

Front 52

Th branches of the three-domain system are?

Back 52

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

Front 53

Has NO nuclear envelope, has Ribosomes that are bacterial-like, makes some of its proteins through protein synthesis, and reproduces through binary fission

Back 53

Mitochondria
Chloroplasts

Front 54

Ribosomes , makes all of its proteins through protein synthesis, and reproduces through binary fission

Back 54

Bacteria

Front 55

Nuclear envelope is present, has ribosomes that are eukaryotic like, makes all of its protein through protein synthesis, and reproduces via mitosis and cytokinesis

Back 55

Microbial Eukaryotes

Front 56

The three domain system was proposed by Carl Woese, based on data from ______________ sequences

Back 56

rRNA

Front 57

fermentation of carbohydrates, the use of specific substrate, and the production of specific prodects or waste products are examples of?

Back 57

Biochemical tests

Front 58

Microorganisms are _________, meaning they are capable of triggering the production of _______.

Back 58

Antigenic
Antibodies

Front 59

a blood-derived fluid containing antibodies and used to provide temporary immunity

Back 59

Antisera

Front 60

experiments on physical characteristics, biochemistry, serology, and nucleric acids can be done to ?

Back 60

Identify microbes

Front 61

________ is based on the universal presence of ribosomes in all living organisms and is bases on sequences of nucleic acids in ribosomal RNA

Back 61

Molecular taxonomy

Front 62

the________ can be used to identify microbes

Back 62

dichotomous key

Front 63

The type of microscope typically used in the microbiology laboratory.

Back 63

Light microscope

Front 64

a light microscope usually has 3 objective lens and they are

Back 64

low-power 10x
high-power 40x
oil-immersion 100x

Front 65

__________is a measure of the light-bending ability of a medium

Back 65

index of refaction

Front 66

Oil-immersion has an index of refraction of ____, which is identical to the index of refraction of glass

Back 66

1.5

Front 67

im microbiology the common standard for measuring length is the __________, which is equivalent to a millionth of a meter

Back 67

micrometer (um)

Front 68

most bactercial and archaeal cells are about _________ in length

Back 68

1um to 5um

Front 69

The use of a single basic (cationic) dye to contrast cells.

Back 69

Simple stain technique

Front 70

A staining process that results in clear or white bacterial cells on a stained background when viewed with the light microscope.

Back 70

Negative stain technique

Front 71

_______uses acidic dye, which is repelled by cell walls, leaving clear cells on a dark background

Back 71

Negative stain technique

Front 72

A technique used for differentiating bacterial cells into two groups, gram positive and gram negative, depending upon their ability to retain a crystal violet iodine complex on treatment with an alcohol solution.

Back 72

Gram stain technique

Front 73

_________allows the oberver to differentiate bacterial cells visually into two groups based on staining differences

Back 73

differential staining procedure

Front 74

if during staining certain bacterical cells lose their color and become transparent they are?

Back 74

gram negative

Front 75

other cells that retain the crystal violet dye are said to be?

Back 75

gram postivite

Front 76

A process in which certain bacteria resist decolorization with acid alcohol after staining with a primary dye.

Back 76

Acid-fast technique

Front 77

acid-fast is used to identify ?

Back 77

mycobacterium (red snappers)

Front 78

The type of microscopy that uses a special condenser and objective lenses to generate refractive differences within a living specimen.

Back 78

Phase-contrast microscopy

Front 79

The type of microscopy that generates bright objects on a dark background. Is very good for finding sphyisisl

Back 79

Dark-field microscopy

Front 80

Specimens are coated with fluorescent dye and illuminated with UV lights

Back 80

fluorescence

Front 81

_____________ visualizes structures in ultrathin sections of cells

Back 81

transmission electron microscope

Front 82

____________ is used to visualize surfaces of unsectioned objects

Back 82

scanning electron microscope