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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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characteristics of mycobacterium tuberculosis
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slow growing, acid-fast obligate aerobe that can replicate within host macrophages
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tissue pathology is characterized by
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granulomas that may undergo caseous necrosis
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form of leprosy with a strong immune response with a few # of organisms
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tuberculoid form
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form of leprosy with minimal immune response with immense # of organisms
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lepromatous form
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% of healthy persons who become infected with tuberculosis who never become ill
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90%
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reason for increased rates of TB in the 1980's
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AIDS
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% of US TB cases occuring in foreign born persons
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50%
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amount of world population infected with TB
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1/3
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country with greatest number of TB cases
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India
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country with greatest rate of TB
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south africa
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most abundant wax found in the mycobacteria
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mycolic acid
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generation time for TB
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15-20 hours
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visible growth of TB on solid media may take up to
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6 weeks
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zone of the lung involved in primary infection
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middle lung zone (airflow is the greatest)
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Ghon complex
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area of lung inflammation is associated with enlarged hilar lymph nodes
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tissues that are preferred in lymphohematogenous dissemination of TB
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lymph nodes, vertebral bodies, meninges, and apices of lungs
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when cellular immunity and tissue hypersensitivity usually appear in response to TB
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3-8 weeks
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period of relative resistance to progressive TB
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age 5 to puberty
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endogenous reactivation usually occurs within
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2 years
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most common site of TB reactivation
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apex of the lung
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role played by antibodies in tuberculosis infection
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none
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entry of TB into macrophages involves interactions with
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complement receptors, mannose receptors, and Fc receptors
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cytokines produced by macrophages in response to TB
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IL-1 and TNF-a
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the tuberculosis skin test is most useful for
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diagnosing latent infection
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% of people with active TB that have a negative skin test
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15%
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Pott disease
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TB affecting the vertebral bodies
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gold standard for diagnosis of TB
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culture
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radiometric culture techniques can produce results in
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7-14 days
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persons with pulmonary tuberculosis usually become noncontagious within
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2 weeks of therapy
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treatment of latent infection is called
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chemoprophylaxis
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BCG vaccine works by
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making a strain of M. bovis relatively avirulent
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there is no vaccine made from killed M. tuberculosis because
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antibodies would be produced but humoral immunity does not protect against TB
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study of M. leprae is difficult because
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it cannot be grown in vitro
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other name for leprosy
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Hansen disease
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M. leprae naturally infects
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the nine-banded armadillo (wild in Louisiana and Texas)
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surface lipid of M. leprae implicated as a defense against oxidative killing
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phenolic glycolipid
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leprosy bacilli grow best
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at low temperatures
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patients with tuberculoid leprosy develop delayed-type hypersensitivity to
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lepromin
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type of leprosy with a better prognosis
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tuberculoid
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effect of tuberculoid leprosy on nerve sheaths
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thickened
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type of leprosy with little or no delayed-type hypersensitivity to lepromin
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lepromatous leprosy
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haplotype associated with tuberculoid leprosy
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HLA-DR3
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haplotype associated with lepromatous leprosy
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HLA-MT1
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