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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is matter |
All material that occupy space and have mass is coposed of atoms |
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What is a atom |
simplest form of matter not divisible into simpler substance proton-postively Neutron- neutral Electron-negative |
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What is a element |
pure substances with a characteristic number of proton, neutron, and electrons and predictable chemical behavior |
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What is atomic number |
number of proton |
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What is mass numbers |
number of proton and neutrons |
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What is a isotopes |
variant forms of the same element that differ in number of neutrons |
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What is a Atomic weight |
average mass number of all isotopic forms |
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What is the electron orbital? |
volume of space surrounding the atomic nucleus where electrons are likely to be found |
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What is energy? |
the ability to do work |
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What is the octet rule |
2,8,8 what each shell can hold |
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What is a valence shell |
refer to the outpost electron shell which is occupied by electron |
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What is a Ion |
are atoms in which the number of electron does not equal that of protons |
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What are isotopes |
atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
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What is radioactive decay |
The nucleus of an unstable isotope breaks down into particles with lower number |
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What are radioactive isotopes used in |
Medicine Tracers are taken up and used by the body emissions are detected using special lab equipment Dating fossils rate of decay date fossils |
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What are molecules |
a chemical substance that result from the combination of two or more atoms |
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What are compounds |
molecules that are combination of two or more different elements |
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What is formula/mass weight |
sum of all of the atomic masses of the atoms a molecule contains |
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What is a chemical bond |
when 2 or more atoms share, donate, or accepts electrons to form molecules and compounds E.g convalent, ionic, and hydrogen |
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What is a convalent bond |
electron are shared amongst atoms Polar-unequal unpolar-equal sharing |
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What is a iconic bond |
electrons are transferred to one atom forming a cation or a anions |
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What is a hydrogen bond |
Weak bond between hydrogen and other atoms |
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What is a van der waals forces |
weak attraction due asymmentrical distribution of electrons between atoms and molecules |
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What is oxidation and reduction reaction? |
Energy exchange in cells is a result of the movement of electrons from one molecule to another |
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What is oxidation |
the loss of electron |
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What is reduction |
the gaining of electron |
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What is a redox reaction |
essential to biochemical processes |
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What is a reactant |
molecules starting a reaction |
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What is a product |
Substances left by a reaction |
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WHat is a synthesis reaction |
the reactant bond togetherin a manner that produces an entirely new molecule |
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What is a solution |
one or more substancesin a misxture |
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what is a solute |
the substances that are combined |
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What is a solvent |
what the the solute is placed into to form a solution |
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What is hydrophobic, hydrophillic, and amphipathic |
Hydrophillic-disolve in water hydrophobic-repel water Amphipathic has both phillicand phobic |
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What is the pH formula |
pH=-log[H+] |
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What is organic and inorganic compounds |
organic-contains carbon and hydrogen inorganic-compunds does not contain carbon except co2 and Co |
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What is autotroph |
Autotroph:Organisms uses inorganiccompound as their food source. Eg. Plants, algae, cyanobacteria |
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What is heterotroph |
organism uses organic compound as their food sources |
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What are bulk elements |
elements required in large amount C, O, H, and N make up 96%of living matter P, S, Ca, and K 4% |
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What are trace elements |
those required in small amounts Fe, I |
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What are functional groups |
Accessory molecules that bind to organic compounds Confer unique reactive properties on the whole molecules |
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What are MAcromolecules |
large compunds assembled from smaller subunit Monomer:a repeating subunit Polymer: chain of monomers |
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What are the macromolecules |
Carbohydrates Lipids protiens Nucleic acid |
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WHat are CArbohydrates |
sugar and polyshaccharides (CH2O)n aldehyde and ketones |
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Carbs are brought together by what? |
glycosidic bonds dehydration synthesis:loss of water in a polymerization |
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What are the function of carbs |
energy and structural support |
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What are lipids |
long chains of open carbon triglycerides,phospolipids, steriods |
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What are the function of lipids |
Triglycerides: energy storage Phospholipids: major cell membrane component Steriods: cell membrane component/sex hormones |
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What is structure of triglycerides |
Three carbon tail with a glycerol head |
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What are the different types of triglycerides |
saturated, unsaturated, omega 3, omega 6 |
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What is the structure of the phospholipids |
1 phosphate head with 2 carbon tails |
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What is structure of steriods |
four interconnected rings with carton tail |
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What are proteins and its function |
Predominant molecues in cells Function: support,enzymes,transport,defense, movement, hormones, signaling |
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What is the the order of protien |
monomer-amino acid-peptide Polymer-peptide, polypeptide, protien |
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What are the 4 parts of the sequences for amino acids |
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary |
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What is the primary structure |
the specific amino acids sequences of a protien |
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What is the secondary structure |
The intial folding of the amino acid chain by hydrogen bonding E.g a-helix and B-pleated sheets |
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What is the tertiary structure |
The final 3d dimensional shape of protien -most dominant form in our system |
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What is the Quaternary structure |
The spatial arrangement of polypeptides in a multi component protien |
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What is a Nucleic Acid |
DNA and RNA |
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What is DNA |
Monomer-nucleotide Deoxyribonucleic acid A,T,C,G-nitrogen bases double helix -hereditary material |
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What is RNA |
ribonucleic acid A,U,C,G-nitrogen bases organized protien synthesis |
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What are nucleotides |
long polymers of repeating subunits |
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What is a nucleotide composed of |
5 carbon sugar nitrogen-containing base phosphate |
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What is the double helix of DNA |
DNA is formed by 2 very long polynucleotide strands linked along thei length by hydrogen bonds |
