Micro Chapter 2

Front 1

What are 5 molecules of life?

Back 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, adenosine triphosphate

Front 2

how many bonds can carbon make?

Back 2

4

Front 3

when bonded what shape does carbon make?

Back 3

tetrahedron

Front 4

2 reasons why carbon is ideal

Back 4

Catenation: can form endless chains and rings and branches - string together as many as you want.

Able to make 4 covalent bonds -most # of bonds

Front 5

what gives carbon the tetrahedron shape?

Back 5

4 electrons repelling each other creating 109.5 degree bond angles

Front 6

organic vs inorganic (& exceptions)

Back 6

Organic = large carbon containing

Inorganic = w/o carbon (except CO, CO2)

Front 7

2 types of Hydrocarbons

Back 7

Saturated and unsaturated

Front 8

example of saturated hydrocarbon

Back 8

CH4

Front 9

example of unsaturated hydrocarbon

Back 9

C2H4

Front 10

unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon breaks easier? why?

Back 10

unsaturated. double bonds break easier and are easier to digest

Front 11

anabolic reaction

Back 11

simple to complex, building bigger

eg: dehydration synthesis

Front 12

catabolic reaction

Back 12

complex to simple, simplifying

eg: hydrolysis

Front 13

Sucrose is made by what process?

Back 13

dehydration synthesis

glucose+fructose

Front 14

sucrose is broken down by what process?

Back 14

hydrolysis

Front 15

Three forms of carbohydrates

Back 15

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

Front 16

Ratio of chemical equation of carbohydrates

Back 16

1,2,1 (1C,2H,1O)

eg:C6H12O6 glucose (hexoses)

Front 17

"ides"

Back 17

means sugar unit

"Monosaccharide"

Front 18

"ose"

Back 18

means sugar

Front 19

Monosaccharide

Back 19

One sugar unit

Front 20

4 types of monosaccharides

Back 20

Trioses 3 carbon sugar

tetroses 4 carbon sugar
pentoses 5 carbon sugar

Hexoses 6 carbon sugar

Front 21

Two types of pentoses

Back 21

Deoxyribose (less oxygen)

Ribose

Front 22

3 types of hexoses

Back 22

Dextrose/Glucose (blood sugar)

Fructose/Levulose (fruit sugar- 50% sweeter than glucose)

Galactose (dairy)

Front 23

Disaccharides

Back 23

2 sugar units

Front 24

How are disaccharides formed

Back 24

dehydration synthesis

Front 25

3 types of Disaccharides

Back 25

Sucrose (table sugar) = glucose + fructose

Maltose (malt sugar) = glucose + glucose

Lactose (milk sugar) = glucose + galactose

Front 26

How are disaccharides broken apart?

Back 26

Hydrolysis

Front 27

Name the enzymes for sucrose, maltose, and lactose

Back 27

sucrase, maltase, lactase

Front 28

Polysaccharides

Back 28

many sugar units - structure or stored formed of energy

Front 29

6 forms of polysaccharides

Back 29

starch - plants

glycogen - animals

cellulose - plant cell walls (fiber)

chitin - fungi cell walls

peptidoglycan - bacteria cell walls (murine)

dextran - secreted by streptococcus mutans

Front 30

2 polysaccharides that are stored energy

Back 30

starch, glycogen

Front 31

3 polysaccharides that form structure

Back 31

cellulose, chitin, peptidoglycan

Front 32

sticky gooey polysaccharides secreted by Streptococcus mutans and turns to plaque

Back 32

Dextran

Front 33

candida has a cell wall made of what?

Back 33

chitin

Front 34

E. coli has a cell wall made of?

Back 34

peptidoglycan

Front 35

Giardia has a cell wall made of?

Back 35

NO CELL WALL

Front 36

plants have a cell wall made of?

Back 36

cellulose

Front 37

Lipids

Back 37

are non polar and mostly insoluble in water (polar)

Front 38

Simple lipids

Back 38

fats and triglycerides

Front 39

triglyceride

Back 39

glycerol + 3 fatty acid

Front 40

how many carbons do glycerol have?

Back 40

3

Front 41

in dehydration synthesis to form fatty acids who loses an O and who loses an OH

Back 41

glycerol loses an O and fatty acid loses an OH

Front 42

2 types of simple lipids

Back 42

saturated and unsaturated

Front 43

Saturated fat

Back 43

no double covalent bonds - max # of single H's - flexible and hard to break (digest) - solid at room temp

Front 44

Unsaturated fat

Back 44

at least 1 double bond - inflexible and easy to break (digest) - liquid at room temp

Front 45

complex lipids

Back 45

make all membranes on the cellular level

Front 46

Phospholipid

Back 46

phosphate head, glycerol, 2 fatty acids

Front 47

Polar or nonpolar? Hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

phosphate head

fatty acid tails

Back 47

polar, nonpolar

hydrophilic, hydrophobic

Front 48

cell membrane is made of what?

Back 48

phospholipid bi layer

Front 49

diseases that require acid fast staining? why?

Back 49

Mycobacterium (TB & Leprosy)

due to waxes

Front 50

Steroids

Back 50

4 fused rings (be able to draw)

Used to make animal plasma membranes, cholesterol, V-D, sex hormones "rone", might help to treat Mycoplasmas which are wall less.