Courtney Burtnett Micro 18

Front 1

What is the epidermis composed of?

Back 1

Keratin

Front 2

What is the dermis composed of?

Back 2

Connective tissue

Front 3

The two most dominant normal flora on the skin?

Back 3

Pseudomonas species

Janthinobacterium species

Front 4

The two normal flora on the skin present in low concentrations (5% or less)?

Back 4

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Propionibacterium acnes

Front 5

The two normal flora of the kin that are yeasts?

Back 5

Candid albicans

Pityrosporum

Front 6

Types of acne?

Back 6

Comedo: When the skin initially swells over the pore laeding out of a hair follicle (whitehad/blackhead)

Pustule: When the lesion erupts on the surface

Front 7

Propionibacterium acnes gram reaction?

Back 7

Gram positive anaerobic bacillus

Front 8

Prevention for acne?

Back 8

There is none

Front 9

Treatment for acne?

Back 9

Topical treatments to encourage skin sloughing

Topical or oral antibiotics (erythromycin, tetracycline)

Oral contraceptives

Isotretinoin (Accutane)

Front 10

Definition of impetigo?

Back 10

Spreads through the epidermis causing local inflammation, blistering, peelingand crusts.

Front 11

How is impetigo caused? And spread?

Back 11

Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, or both

Spread through contact

Fomites

Mechanical vectors

Front 12

Carbuncle?

Back 12

Group of interconnecting furuncles deep in the skin

Front 13

Furuncle?

Back 13

Occurs when a hair follicle is infected and produces a tender abscess or pustule

Front 14

Coagulase?

Back 14

An enzyme that coagulates plasma and blood

Front 15

You can cofirm stapylococcus aureus by testingfor the presence of?

Back 15

Coagulase

Front 16

Culturing for impetigo would include what two agars?

Back 16

5% sheep blood again

Mannitol sal agar

Front 17

What is the treatment for impetigo?

Back 17

Topical mupirocin (Bactroban)

Front 18

Prevention for impetgo?

Back 18

The only preventon is good hygiene

Front 19

The pyogenic cocci includes

Back 19

Staphyloccoccus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes

Front 20

Gram rxn, morphology, amd arrangement of Staphylococci?

Back 20

Gram positive, spherical, clusters

Front 21

Where do we generally carry Staphylococcus?

Back 21

Anterior nares

Front 22

Symptoms of a local staph infection?

Back 22

Abcess: inflamed, fibrous lesion with core of pus

Front 23

Definiton of folliculitis?

Back 23

Mild, superficial infection or inflammation os hair follicles.

Front 24

Erysipelas?

Back 24

A streptococcal infection where the bacteria enter the skin through a small cut or break in the skin and cause blisters or swollen lesions accompanied by fever, shaking, and chills.

Front 25

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Back 25

Flesh eating bacteria caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Starts with a minor infection at follicle or break in skin Then toxins are spread and break down tissues, the tissues then die and the bacteria spreads through the bloodstream.

Front 26

Symptoms of cellulitis?

Back 26

Pain, tenderness, and swelling (often in lower legs)

Local fever

Front 27

Definition of cellulitis?

Back 27

Rapidly spreading infection due to the introduction of bacteria or fungi into the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Front 28

Cause of cellulitis in healthy individuals?

Back 28

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes

Front 29

Cause of cellulitis in immunocompromised individuals?

Back 29

Any bacterial and some fungal pathogens

Front 30

Cause of cellulitis in infants?

Back 30

Group B streptococci

Front 31

Treatment of cellulitis?

Back 31

Oral antibiotics

IV antibiotics

Surgery

Front 32

What is Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrom (SSSS) caused by?

Back 32

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 33

What is the progression of SSSS?

Back 33

1. Bullous lesions that begin as red areas

2. Large blisters formm

3. Top layers of the epidermis peel

Front 34

What is toxic shock syndrome caused by?

Back 34

Staphylococcus aureus

Tampons:absorbed large concentrations of magnesium

Front 35

Symptoms of toxic shock syndrome?

Back 35

Fever, vomiting, sunburn-like rash

Front 36

What are some predisposing factors for gas gangrene?

Back 36

Surgical incisions

Compound fractures

Diabetic ulcers

Septic abortions

Punctures and gunshot wounds

Dirty wounds

Crushing injuries

Front 37

What is gas gangrene caused by?

Back 37

Clostridium perfringens

Front 38

Two forms of gas gangrene?

Back 38

Anaerobic cellulitis

True myonecrosis

Front 39

Anaerobic cellulitis?

Back 39

The infection stays localized in damaged tissue and does not pread into healthy tissue.

Bacteria produces toxins and gas

Front 40

True myonecrosis?

Back 40

Toxins are produced in large muscle and spread to nearby healthy tissue.

Damaged tissues serve as a focus for continual clostridial growth, gas production and toxins.

Front 41

Clostridium perfringens produces?

Back 41

1. Exotoxin (alpha toxin): ruptures RBCs and causes tissue destruction

2. Collagenase

3. Hyaluronidase

4. DNase

Front 42

Prevention of gas gangrene?

Back 42

Proper wound care and prophylactic administration of antibiotics

Front 43

Treatment of gas gangrene?

Back 43

Aggressive surgical debridement and high dose penicillin therapy.

Hyperbaric oxygen chamers may be used as well.

Front 44

What is the virus that causes chickenpox and shingles?

Back 44

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)

Front 45

What percentage of the population develops shingles?

Back 45

10-20%

Front 46

Definition of herpes zoster?

Back 46

A sporadic, incapacitationg disease of adults who had chickenpox. Characterized by a vesicular rash limited in distribution to skin innervated by a single sensory ganglion.

Front 47

What is the contagious period like for chickenpox?

Back 47

The contagious period is greatest 1 to 2 days before the rash and lasts 3-4 days into the rash.

Front 48

How is chickenpox spread?

Back 48

Through the repiratory route or through contact with skin vesicles

Front 49

What is the incubation period for chickenpox?

Back 49

2-3 weeks

Front 50

What is the pattern for the skin eruption of chickenpox and smallpox?

Back 50

1. Macule

2. Papule

3. Vesicle

4. Pustule

5. Scab

Front 51

Reactivation of the VZV virus can be stimulated by?

Back 51

X-ray treatments

Immnosuppressive or drug therapy

Surgery

Leukemia

Front 52

Where does the VZV virus multiply in response to reactivation?

Back 52

Neurons

Front 53

What is the treatment for shingles?

Back 53

Antiviral drugs acyclovir (Zovirax) or valcyclovir

Front 54

Prevention of shingles in adults?

Back 54

Zostavax vaccine

Front 55

Macule?

Back 55

Flat lesion, characterized mainly by color change

Front 56

Papule?

Back 56

Small, elevate, solid bump

Front 57

Vesicle?

Back 57

Elevated lesion with clear fluid

Front 58

Pustule?

Back 58

Small, elevated lesion filled with pus

Front 59

Through what route was smallpox usually spread?

Back 59

Respiratory route

Front 60

Signs and symptoms of smallpox?

Back 60

Fever

Malaise

Pustular rash

Front 61

How did smallpox differ from chicken pox?

Back 61

All of the vesicles and pustules develped simultaneously

Front 62

Progression of symptoms in smallpox?

Back 62

1. High fever and malaise

2. Rash starts in the mouth, ever abdominal and back pain

3. Rash appears on the skin and spreads to the entire surface

Front 63

What is unique about the pustules in smallpox?

Back 63

Indented in the center

Front 64

Symptoms of measles (Rubeola)?

Back 64

Maculopapular rash, fever, cough, conjunctivitis, respiratory symptoms

Front 65

Gray whitespots surrounded by red that are measles?

Back 65

Koplick's spot

Front 66

Progression of measles?

Back 66

Incubation period: 7-18 days

1-2 days after that, Koplick's spots start to form

24 hours after Koplick's spots appear, the typical meales rash begins, first on the head, then on the trunk and extremities.

Communicable from 3-5 days before the rash to 4 days after.

Front 67

How are measles antigens identified?

Back 67

They are identified in urinary sediment or pharyngeal cells by flourescent antibody methods.

Front 68

Treatment for measles?

Back 68

No treatment except support

Front 69

Preferred age for immunization of measles?

Back 69

13-15 monthes

Front 70

Incubation period for German measles (Rubella)?

Back 70

14-21 days

Front 71

Symptoms of German Measles (Rubella)?

Back 71

Low grade fever

Upper respiratory symptoms

Macular rash that lasts for 1-3 days

Front 72

The most common defects of congenital rubella are?

Back 72

Congenital heart disease

Total or partial blindness or deafness

Mental retardation

Front 73

When is the incidence of rubella the highest?

Back 73

Winter and spring

Front 74

How long is rubella contagious?

Back 74

7 days before the rash and 7 days afer the rash

Front 75

Treatment for Rubella?

Back 75

No treatment

Front 76

Symptoms of Fifth Disease (Erythema infectiosum)?

Back 76

Slapped face

Fever

Malaise

Rash

Front 77

What is fifth disease caused by?

Back 77

Parvovirus B19

Front 78

Ho is fifth disease spread?

Back 78

Respiratory droplets or direct contact

Front 79

What causes Roseola (6th disease)?

Back 79

Human herpesvirus (HHV-6 or HHV-7)

Front 80

Symptoms of Roseola?

Back 80

High fever (105F) that may last for 3 days

Rash on chest and trunk and lightly on limbs

Front 81

How does a rash from scarlet fever develop?

Back 81

Results from respiratory infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes producing erythrogenic toxin

Front 82

Characteristics of warts (papilloma)?

Back 82

Painless

Elevated

Rough

Front 83

Warts that usually occur on fingers?

Back 83

Seed or common wart

Front 84

Wart that occurs on soles of feet?

Back 84

Plantar wart

Front 85

Wart that is prevalent on genitals?

Back 85

Genital wart

Front 86

How many different types of HPV are there?

Back 86

At least 58

Front 87

Transmission of warts?

Back 87

Direct contact

Fomites

Front 88

Incubation period for warts?

Back 88

3-4 months

Front 89

Treatment of warts?

Back 89

Surgical cryotherapy (freezing them)

Electrocautery (burning with electricity)

Chemically

Front 90

What kind of virus is molluscum contagiosum?

Back 90

Poxvirus

Front 91

Symptoms of molluscum contagiosum?

Back 91

Smooth waxy skin nodules with an indented center

Front 92

Transmission ofmolluscum contagiosum?

Back 92

Direct contact and fomites

Front 93

Treatment of molluscum contagiosu?

Back 93

Surgical removal

Chemical treatment

Front 94

How is Leishmaniasis transferred?

Back 94

Zoonotic

Female sand fly

Front 95

What is cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by?

Back 95

L. Tropica, L. Major, L. Mexicana

Front 96

Leishmania braziliensis (espundia)?

Back 96

Affects both the skin and mucous membranes

Front 97

Symptoms of cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Back 97

Firm papules forms at the site of the bite (may look like a pimple without white center)

Bite enlarges

Abscesses develop

Front 98

What kind of lesion does L. Major cause? Incubation period?

Back 98

Moist, ulcerative lesions

2 week incubation period

Front 99

What kind of lesion does L tropica cause? Incubation period?

Back 99

Chronic dry lesion

Incubation period of several months to 3 years

Front 100

Treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Back 100

Heals spontaneously

Front 101

Where is Cutaneous Anthràx found?

Back 101

Soil and on vegetation

Front 102

Treatment of cutaneous anthrax?

Back 102

Ciprofloxacin

Front 103

Worm of the scalp?

Back 103

Tinea capitis

Front 104

Worm of the beard?

Back 104

Tinea barbae

Front 105

Worm of the body?

Back 105

Tinea corporis

Front 106

Worm of the groin?

Back 106

Tinea cruris

Front 107

Worm of the foot?

Back 107

Tinea pedis

Front 108

Worm of the hand?

Back 108

Tineae manuum

Front 109

What are the three species that can cause tinea?

Back 109

Trichophyton

Microsporum

Epidermophyton

Front 110

Superficial mycoses? (Tinea versicolor)

Back 110

Patchy discolored skin

Front 111

What are the exposed surfaces of the eye?

Back 111

Conjuctiva

Cornea

Front 112

Primary defenses of the eye?

Back 112

Tears

Lactoferrin

Lysozyme

Front 113

Cause of conjuctivitis?

Back 113

Pathogens that may be on contact lenses and or hands

Front 114

Signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis?

Back 114

Milky discharge (bacterial pathoen)

Clear discharge (viral pathogen)

Gritty feeling in the eyes

Redness

Eyelid swelling

Front 115

What bacterial pathogens cause neonatal conjunctivitis?

Back 115

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Chlamydia trachomatis

Front 116

Bacterial Pathogens that cause conjunctivitis in adults?

Back 116

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Streptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophhlus influenzae

Moraxella species

Front 117

Viral pathogens that cause conjunctivitis?

Back 117

Adenoviruses

Front 118

What is put in the eyes of newoborns who have acquired neonatal conjunctivitis?

Back 118

Erythromycin

Tetracycline

Front 119

How is trachoma transferred?

Back 119

Hands, fomites, flies

Front 120

Symptoms of trachoma?

Back 120

Mild inflammation of conjunctiva with exudate

Pebbled appearance of inner eyelid

Eyelids turn inward abradin and ulcerating the cornea

Pseudomembrane forms over the cornea

The cornea is usually scarred with reduced vision