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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathogenicity |
Ability to cause disease |
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Virulence |
The degree of pathogenicity |
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Portals of Entry |
Mucous membranes Skin Parenteral route: deposited directly into tissues when barriers are penetrated |
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ID50 |
Infectious dose for 50% of a sample population Measures virulence of a microbe |
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Ld50 |
Lethal dose for 50% of a sample population Measures potency of a toxin |
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Adherence (adhesion) |
When pathogens attach to a host tissues |
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Adhesins(ligands) |
These are on the pathogen and they bind to receptors on the host cell |
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Capsules |
Glycocalyx around the cell wall Impairs phagocytosis |
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Cell wall components that help pathogens |
M protein- resist phagocytosis -streptococcus pyogenesopa Opa protein-allows attachment to host cells Waxy lipid-resist digestion Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Coagulases |
Coagulate fibrinogen |
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Kinasea |
Digest fibrin clots |
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Hyaluronidase |
Digests polysaccharides that hold cells together |
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Collagenase |
Breaks down collagen |
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IgA proteases |
Destroy igA antibodies |
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Invasins |
Surface proteins produced by bacteria that rearrange actin filaments of the cytoplasm( cause membrane ruffling) |
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What do most pathogenic bacteria require |
Iron |
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Siderophores |
Proteins secreted by pathogens that bind iron more tightly than host cells |
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Direct damage from pathogens |
Disrupts host cell function Use host cells nutrients Produces waste products Multiplies in host cells and causes ruptures |
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Toxins |
Poisonous substances produced by microorganisms produce fever, cardiovascular problems, diarrhea, and shock |
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Toxigenicity |
Ability of a microorganism to produce a toxin |
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Toxemia |
Presence of toxin in the host blood |
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Intoxications |
Presence of toxin without microbial growth |
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Exotoxins |
Proteins produced and secreted by bacteria ( soluble in body fluids, destroy host cells and inhibit metabolic functions) |
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Antitoxins |
Antibodies against specific exotoxins |
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Toxoids |
Inactivated exotoxins used in vaccines |
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A-B Toxins |
Containing enzyme component (A part) and a binding component (B part) |
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Membrane disrupting toxins |
Lyse host cells by disrupting plasma membranes Leukocidins- kill phagocytic leukocytes Hemolysins - kill erythrocytes by forming protein channels Streptolysin - hemolysins produced by streptococci |
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Superantigens |
Cause intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells (T cells) Cause symptoms of fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock and death |
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Genotoxins |
Damage DNA ( causing mutations, disrupting cell division, and leading to cancer) |
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Endotoxins |
Released during bacterial multiplication and when gram-negative bacteria die lipid portion of lipopolysaccharides that are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall |
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Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay |
is used to test for endotoxins Blood of horseshoe crabs contain amebocytes Amebocyte lyse in the presence of endotoxin, producing a clot |
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Lysogenic conversion |
Changes characteristics of a microbe due to incorporation of a prophage |
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Cytopathic effects CPE) |
Visible effects of viral infection on my cell Stopping cell synthesis Causing cell lysomes to release enzymes |
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Ergot |
Alkaloid toxins that cause hallucinations |
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Aflltoxin |
Carcinogenic toxin produced by aspergillus |
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Mycotoxins |
Produced by mushrooms and are neurotoxic Phalloidin and amanitin |
