Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
4 phases of microbial disease |
contact, colonization, invasion, infection |
|
|
how normal flora protect host |
1. occupy places pathogens might occupy, 2. produce acids and bacteriocidians |
|
|
pathogenicity |
how microbes make us ill |
|
|
examples of pathogenicity |
toxic byproducts ingestion growing where they should not immune response |
|
|
portals of entry |
skin piercing (parenteral) mucus membranes |
|
|
how microbes attach firmly |
spikes, hooks, proteins |
|
|
How microbes survive host defenses |
evading wbc, or multiplying in wbc |
|
|
How microbes damage |
toxins, enzymes or inappropriate response |
|
|
portals of exit |
respiratory, skin, feces, blood |
|
|
5 phases of infection |
portal of entry attach firmly survive host defense damage and disease exit |
|
|
infectious dose |
minimum number of microbes required for infection process |
|
|
Microbes with small infectious dose |
greater virulence |
|
|
antiphagocytic factors |
luekocidins, slime layer/capsule, ability to survive intracellular phagocytosis |
|
|
2 bacterial toxins |
endotoxins, exotoxins |
|
|
exotoxins |
toxin secreted by living bacteria into tissue mostly gram positive |
|
|
gram negative exotoxin producers |
botulinum, teanus, chloera |
|
|
endotoxin, |
released after cell is damaged or destroyed made of lipopolysaccharide gram negative immune response makes us sick |
|
|
4 stages of infection |
incubation prodromal stage invasion convalesence |
|
|
local infection example |
boil, pimple |
|
|
focal infection |
starts in one place then spreads (tooth infection leading to endocarditis) |
|
|
systemic infection |
influenza |
|
|
primary infection |
first infection that weakens immune system |
|
|
secondary infection |
subsequent infection from weakened immune system |
|
|
latency |
microbe hiding, may produce recurring disease |
|
|
chronic disease |
person with latent infection who sheds microbes |
|
|
reservoir |
primary habitat of pathogen in natural world |
|
|
source |
individual or object from which an infection is actually acquired |
|
|
animal reservoir |
zoonosis |
|
|
transmission vehicles |
air water food |
|
|
assumption |
assuming all samples contain infectious microbes |
|
|
epidemic |
quick increase of disease |
|
|
endemic |
small number of cases per year |
|
|
pandemic |
world wide epidemic |
|
|
sporadic |
occasional cases at irregular intervals |
