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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacteriophage |
Viruses that infect only bacteria |
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Mycophages |
Viruses that infect fungi |
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Living characteristics of viruses |
They reproduce at a fantastic rate in living host cells. They can mutate |
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No living characteristics of viruses |
They are acellular, they carry out no metabolism on their own and must replicate using host cell's metabolic machinery, possess DNA or RNA |
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Criteria used to define a virus |
They contain only 1 type of nucleus acid, DNA or RNA, totally dependent on a host cell for replication, vital components must assemble into complete viruses to go from one host cell to another |
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Lab cultivation of viruses |
Cannot be grown in synthetic culture media, need a host cell, animal viruses are normally grown in animals, eggs, or in cell cultures |
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Virus size |
Usually much smaller than bacteria |
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Virus shape-helical |
Nucleic acid surrounded by a hollow protein cylinder or capsid and possess a helical structure |
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Virus shape-polyhedral |
Nucleic acid surrounded by a multi-sided shell or capsid is a form of an icosahedron |
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Virus shape-enveloped |
Nucleic acid surrounded by either a helical or polyhedral core and covered by envelope |
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Binal virus shape |
Viruses have neither helical nor polyhedral forms or combinations |
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Genome |
Single or segmented, circular or linear molecule of nucleic acid, sIngle stranded or d stranded DNA or RNA, codes for the synthesis of viral components and viral enzymes for replication |
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Capsid |
Surrounding genome |
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Bacteriophage |
More complex than nucleocapsid or envelopes viruses, may possess a complex tail structure made of base plate, tail fibers, and contractile sheath. Simple, icosahedrals or cylindrical |
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Viriods |
Less complex than viruses, small, circular, ss molecules of infectious RNA lacking a protein coat. Cause plant diseases |
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Prions |
Infectious protein particles. Thought to be responsible for neurodegenerative diseases like mad cow disease and kuru |
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Normal prion protein has |
Alpha helices |
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Scrapie prion |
Is bad and has beta sheets. Causes normal prion to change shapes |
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Point mutations make the protein more susceptible to change in |
It's protein structure |
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Life cycle of animal viruses |
Attachment or adsorption-binding of attachment sites of viral surface with receptor sites Penetration Uncoating, replication, maturation, release, reinfection |
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Penetration enveloped |
Envelopes may fuse with host cell cytoplasmic membrane, enter by endocytosis |
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Penetration naked |
Interaction between viral capsid and host cell membrane causes rearrangement of capsid, enter by endocytosis |
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Uncoating envelope |
Viral envelope removed either by fusing with cytoplasmic membrane during penetration or fusing with membrane of vesicle after endocytosis |
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Uncoating naked |
By fusion- viral capsid and host cell cytoplasmic membrane causes rearrangement to let it in. Endocytosis the vesicle and capsid are enzymatically removed |
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Uncoating begins with what period? |
Eclipse period |
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Eclipse period |
Period during which no intact Virions can be detected within the cell |
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Early phase of replication |
Viral genome replicates thousands of times |
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Late phase of replication |
Viral structural proteins and the enzymes involved in maturation are produced |
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During which stages is is the virus not infectious |
Uncoating and replication |
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Release naked |
The infected cell disintegrates |
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Release envelope |
Host cell may or may not be lysed |
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Latent life cycle |
For long periods of time without replicating or causing harm |
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Provirus |
When the viral DNA is incorporated into the host cells DNA |
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Viral tranformation |
They transform normal cells into malignant cells |
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Viruses cause cancer development indirectly |
Virus may induce immunosuppression |
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Virus cancer directly |
By integrating into the host cell's chromosomes |
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Viral infections of humans |
Most cause acute infections. Short durable |
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Bacteriophage life cycle- lytic life cycle |
Adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, release, reinfection |
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Lysogenic life cycle of temperate bacteriophage |
Can replicate through lytic life cycle. Can incorporate it's DNA into the bacterium a DNA and become a nonifectious prophage |
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Lysogenic cycle |
Phage adsorption, injecting integrates into host DNA, replication so every daughter cell has a prophage. Get new genetic trait |
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Antibiotics are what to viruses |
Useless! |
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Citokines |
Proving to be effective for viral infections |
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Do the current antiviral agents kill or eliminate viruses? |
No just inhibit their replication and decrease the severity |
