Micro Chap 1-4

Front 1

Microbiology Studies

Back 1

prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites

Front 2

biotechnology

Back 2

uses microbes to solve biological problems
(antibiotics, degrade toxic wastes)

Front 3

Leeuwenhook

Back 3

1st to observe microbe
1st to make microscope

Front 4

Jenner

Back 4

small pox vaccine by using cow pox

Front 5

Semmelweis

Back 5

handwashing (OB)

Front 6

Lister

Back 6

antiseptic surgery and wound care; used phenol as disinfectent

Front 7

Pasteur

Back 7

anthrax and rabies vax; disproved spontaneous generation with swan flasks to prevent microbes contaminating sterile liquid

Front 8

Koch

Back 8

postulates to i.d. organism causing disease & germ theory

Front 9

Koch's Postulates

Back 9

1. Organism exists in aminals infected with specific disease
2. Pure Culture of organism
3. Produce same s/s seen in infected into the uninfected animals with the isolate
4. Isolate the identical microbes from the newly infected animal

Front 10

Pure culture

Back 10

as each cell divides, it forms a clump of cells that all grew from one organism and appeared identical

Front 11

Germ Theory

Back 11

microbes will grow in humans and cause disease that spread from person to person

Front 12

Fleming

Back 12

created Penicillin (kills bacteria) and identified the enzyme Lysozyme to degrade bacteria cell walls

Front 13

7 taxonomy

Back 13

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Front 14

Binomial system to id/name microbes

Back 14

genus and species

Front 15

2 domains of bacteria

Back 15

archae and bacteria

Front 16

Differential stain

Back 16

differentiates two common bacteria (gram pos and neg)

Front 17

Crystal Violet

Back 17

gram +

Front 18

Safranin (red/pink)

Back 18

gram -

Front 19

Dark field microscope

Back 19

light reflected off bacteria seen; light going thru specimen blocked out

Front 20

electron microscopes

Back 20

0.003 microns
uses metal and shines electrons better than light

2 types
transmission
scanning - visualize surfaces

Front 21

medium

Back 21

nutrtious extract/mixture of materials that will support growth of microbes

Front 22

medical medium

Back 22

BHI brains/heart infusion (powder than add water)

Front 23

solid medium

Back 23

agar, polysaccharide disolved by boiling pour into petri then cool to solid

Front 24

water is polar

Back 24

it has + charges at one end and - charges at the other

Front 25

Low pH

Back 25

Acid <6 H+

Front 26

High ph

Back 26

Basic >8 OH-

Front 27

Neurtral pH

Back 27

7

Front 28

Acid ions

Back 28

H+

Front 29

Basic ions

Back 29

OH -

Front 30

The 4 macromolecules

Back 30

1. protein (enzymes)
2. polysccharides
3. Nucleic Acid
4. Lipids

Front 31

Proteins (enzymes)

Back 31

enzymes cause break down of nutrients to derive enrgy

proteins transporters/structure (flaggella)

Front 32

Polysaccharides

Back 32

provide strength to keep cell from opening (cell wall/capsules) assembled by enzymes

Front 33

Nucleic Acid

Back 33

sugar phosphate DNA double strands RNA single strands

Front 34

DNA components

Back 34

A and T (adenine and thymidine)
C and G (cytosine and guanine)

Front 35

RNA components

Back 35

A and U (adenine and uridine)
C and G (cytosine and guanine)

Front 36

What is the different component from DNA to RNA and what does it replace

Back 36

uridine (in RNA) replaces thymidine (in DNA)

Front 37

3 RNA =

Back 37

one amino acid

Front 38

Lipids

Back 38

(phospholipids) span cell membrane; nonbolar boundary to keep cell contents in and unwanted material out
polars face water
tails in middle