Micro Ch 8 Genetics

Front 1

genetics

Back 1

study of heredity

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genome

Back 2

sum of all genetic material of a cell

Front 3

genomics

Back 3

sequencing and molecular characterization of genomes: the study of genome

describes the genome, the DNA sequence

mapping, sequencing, and analysis

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gene

Back 4

a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product

one gene, one rna, one protein

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genotype

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genetic makeup of a cell or organism

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phenotype

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expressed traits of a cell or organism

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functional genomics

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gene expression. Studies the mRNA transcribed from the genome. Does this under different physiological conditions. Referred to as gene expression profiling

not concerned with all genes that an organism has, but what’s actually being used and expressed and what level.

Front 8

proteomics (protein expression profiling)

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what proteins are being expressed and in what form.
describes the protein of an organism by gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.
helps you put the metabolic pics together.

basically describes the proteins

Front 9

bioinformatics

Back 9

collection, management, analysis, and interpretation fo biological data, including that generated from sequencing.

use of computers to analyze information.

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chromosome

Back 10

cell structure that carries hereditary info.

made of genes. only one circular one in a bacterium. 1 mm in 1 micrometer

23 pairs in human cells. chromosome is 50 mm long. linear

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gene

Back 11

a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product.

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DNA

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polymer of nucleotides. consists of
a nitrogenous base, a pentose, and a phosphate.

double stranded, sugar phosphate backbone. A-T, C-G.

antiparallel, 5' to 3', 3' to 5'

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DNA dependent DNA polymerase

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copies DNA to make a new identical template.

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DNA dependent RNA polymerase

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reads DNA and makes RNA

makes an RNA primer.
also fills in the gaps of the Okazaki fragments.

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Ligase

Back 15

works with DNA polymerase complex and combines DNA segments together

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leading strand vs lagging strand

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one synthesizes continuously.
ony synthesizes in flagments (Okazaki)
both go from 5' -> 3'

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helicase

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unwind the DNA

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bidirectional replication

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circular DNA begins at the origin of replication. they go both directions and meet at the termination sequence. has 2 forks.

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Rolling Circle Model

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nick is made and 5' end is pealed off and copied discontinuously.
the inner 3' is copied continuously.

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Transcription

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conversion fron DNA to RNA
enzyme is DNA dependent RNA polymerase

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Three types of RNA

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mRNA is messenger RNA.
tRNA is transfer RNA.
rRNA is ribosomal RNA.

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Translation

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protein synthesis. info in mRNA is transferred to protein.

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codon

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mRNA has this. 3 adjacent bases that code for the insertion of a specific amino acid.

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anticodon

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is on the tRNA. it is complementary to the codon.

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tRNA

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carries the specific amino acid

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mRNA

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carries codons. translates from 5' -> 3'

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steps of translation

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initiation, elongation, termination

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constitutive genes

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always expressed, not genetically regulated

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repression and induction

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how genes are regulated