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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psychrophiles
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cold loving.
0-15 C |
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mesophiles
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moderate temperature loving.
10 - 45 C |
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thermophiles
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heat loving
40 - 70 C |
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extreme thermophiles
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65 - 110 C
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growth rate
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slowly increase, stop at optimum, rapidly decrease
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pH optimum for most bacteria
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pH 6 to pH 8
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pH optimum for yeast
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pH 5
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acidophiles
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grow at very low pH
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alkalinophiles
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grow at high pH
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extreme/obligate halophile
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require high salt (archea)
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facultative halophiles
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can grow in high salt
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Helicobacter pylori
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acid tolerant gram negative bacteria
discovered in the 80s by warren and marshall causes gastric ulcer disease/gastric cancer treated with antibiotics |
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autotroph
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gets carbon from CO2
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heterotroph
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gets carbon from organic source
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nitrogen
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used for proteins, DNA, RNA, ATP
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sulfur
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used for amino acids, vitamins
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phosphorous
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used for nucleic acids, ATP, phospholipids
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trace elements
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potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, molybdenum, zinc
needed as cofactors for enzymes |
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obligate aerobe
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us. requires oxygen
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facultative anaerobe
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grows with or without oxygen
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obligate anaerobe
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grows only in absence of oxygen
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aerotolerant anaerobe
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grows in the presence of oxygen, but does not use it. doesn't do aerobic respiration
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microaerophile
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grows in low oxygen concentration
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Thioglycollate Medium
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used to distinguish oxygenated bacteria
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Formation in the presence of oxygen?
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Singlet oxygen O-
Superoxide free radical O2- Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 Hydroxyl radical Oh- |
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Superoxide dimutase (SOD)
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turns O2- into H2O2 and O2
in obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes, aerotolerant anarobes |
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catalase
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turns H2O2 to oxygen and water
in obligate aerobes, facultative anaerobes |
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steps for binary fission
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1. cell elongates, DNA replicates
2. cell wall & plasma membrane increase size and form septum 3. CROSS WALL forms between DNA chromosomes 4. cells separate. |
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Calculating the size of population during binary fission
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Nf = (Ni)2^n
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Growth rate consists of?
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lag - adjusting to the environment, synthesizing macromolecules
log/exponential - binary fission stationary - groth rate slows down and some cells die due to depletion of nutrients / accumulation of waste death - cells die |
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Streptococcus
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common gram POSITIVE
group a, b, c produce exotoxins - beta-hemolysis casues pnemonia, fever, flesh eating disease |
