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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the principal cause of the common cold?
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rhinovirus
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If you have 113 bouts of rhinovirus, will you be immune for the rest of your life?
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no, immunity only lasts only one year
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What is the major site of infection for adenoviruses?
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upper resp tract
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How many adenoviral infections can an individual experience?
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an indiv can experience at least 50 adenoviral infections
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What are the two surface virulence proteins of the influenza virus?
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neuraminidase and hemagglutinin
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What is the function of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin in the establishment of the infection?
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Neuraminidase breaks down the protective mucous layer that lines the throat; hemagglutinin attaches to the ciliated epithelial cells in the throat so that the virus can enter and kill the cells
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Pandemic
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worldwide epidemic
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Antigenic drift
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a mutational change in the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes
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Antigenic shift
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a complete hemagglutinin gene change
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What is cause of death in those who have influenza?
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The cause of death in those who have influenza is secondary bacterial pneumonia.
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How do amantadine, ribavirin, and zanamivir function?
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Amantadine, ribavirin, and zanamivir inhibit uncoating, viral RNA replication, and neuraminidase, respectively
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What is the overall effectiveness of influenza vaccines?
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The overall effectiveness of influenza vaccine is 70 to 80 percent, and they save many lives
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Parotitis
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inflammation of the parotid glands caused by mumps virus
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Orchitis
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inflammation of the testes caused by mumps virus
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What two diseases are caused by varicella-zoster virus, and how are they transmitted?
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Two diseases caused by varicella-zoster virus are chicken pox an shingles. Chicken pox is transmitted via droplets from the resp tract. Shingles is latent and occurs when the endogenous viruses are reactivated.
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Who is at risk for rubella virus?
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A fetus, especially during the first trimester, is at risk for rubella virus.
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Wo is given the rubella virus?
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The general population is given rubella vaccine to protect the unborn.
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What is MMR?
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MMR is a single dose vaccine for mumps, measles, and rubella.
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Measles
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seven-day measles
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Rubella
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three-day measles or German measles
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Who is at risk for respiratory syncytial virus
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Infants and young children are at risk for respiratory syncytial virus
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What needs to be done when an RSV case appears in a neonatal ward?
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Infected children should be isolated and treated with ribavirin via a respirator. Health-care workers should wear protective equipment.
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What two tissue types are predominately infected by poliovirus?
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Two tissue types predominately infected by poliovirus are the alimentary canal and neurons in the spinal column.
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How do we prevent paralytic polio?
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We prevent paralytic polio by vaccination with the Salk (killed virus) and Sabin (live-attenuated virus).
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