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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which line of defense provides specificity and long-term immunity?
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Acquired immunity provides specificity and long-term immunity.
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Seven natural physical barriers to infection.
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skin, mucus, ciliated epithelial cells, fluid flow (tears, sweat, saliva, urine), acidity in the GI tract, urea, and interferons
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List five specific factors of the body's natural immunity that reduce infection and explain how they reduce infection.
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Five specfic environmental factors of the body that are adapted to reduce infection are mucus (traps airborne microbes); bodily secretions containing lysozyme (degrades bacterial cell walls); and iron-binding proteins (prevent adequate nutrition to the bacteria).
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Where is lysozyme found and what does it do?
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in all bodily secretions, degrades bacterial walls
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How does complement kill microbes?
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The complement proteins circulate through the body and bind to bacterial-bound antibodies or to bacterial polysaccharides to form the membrane attack complex (C6-C7-C8-C9), which produces pores in the bacterial membrane, allowing leakage and lysis of the microbe.
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What are the functions of C3a and C5a?
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C3a and C5a are chemotactic factors that recruit phagocytic cells to the site of infection.
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What is the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), or neutrophils?
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The function of PMNs, or neutrophils, is to engulf and digest foreign matter.
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How abundant are PMNs?
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PMNs comprise 55 percent of all wbcs,
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What do PMNs and macrophages both have receptors for?
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PMNs and macrophages both have receptors for IgG antibodies and the C3b component of complement.
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List some things that inhibit phagocytes.
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low ph environments, poorly oxygenated tissue, and fluid filled spaces inhibit phagocytes
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What host response do basophils and mast cells stimulate?
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Basophils and mast cells stimulate inflammation
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What agents do eosinophils help fight?
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Eosinophils release toxins that fight organisms that are too large for phagocytes to ingest, such as worms.
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