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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adaptive Defenses
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Third Line of defenses
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Specific Defense
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Recognize and respond to a specific antigen
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Systemic Defense
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throughout body
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Memory Defense
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responds stronger and faster with repeated exposures
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Antigen
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any substance that triggers an immune response
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Immunogenicity
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measure how well the Ag triggers a response
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Antigenic determinants
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also called epitopes; site on an Ag that the antibody or receptor binds to
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Self Antigens
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surface ID tags
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MHC
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Major Histocompatability complex
a set of genes, unique to you, code for your surface receptors(self ID tags) |
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MHC Class I Receptors
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found on all nucleated cells, not RBC's, window into the cell
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MHC Class II Receptors
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On activated immune system cells: B cells and macrophages
For presentation, not attack |
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B Lymphocytes
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responsible for Ab mediated response
Originate in red bone marrow and mature in red bone marrow B Cell Receptor - IgD Ab |
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T Lymphocytes
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Responsible for cell mediated immunity
Originate in bone marrow and leave as immature thymocytes and migrate to thymus gland to mature Positive Selection - does it recognize self, Yes? move on, No? undergo apoptosis Negative selection - eliminate T cells that react to self |
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T Helper Lymphocytes (CD4 +)
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TCR - restricted recognize MHC Class II and Ag
Recognition will activate cell to coordinate immune response |
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T Cytotoxic Lymphocyte(CD8)
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CTL's killer T cells, restricted - MHC Class I and Ag
Recognize sick, cancerous, and foreign cells and attack! |
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Antigen Presenting Cells
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Show Ag to immune system
Macrophages/Dendritic Cells B Cells Present Ag with MHC Class II |
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IL2
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Interleukin 2
stimulate TH cell to divide to increase population that recognizes Ag |
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B cell Growth Factors and B cell differentiation
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Factors - B cell divides and differentiates into 2 populations - plasma cells and B memory cells
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Plasma Cells
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antibody factories
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Memory B Cells
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responsible for secondary immune response(faster/stronger)
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Primary Immune Response
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3 to 5 days for Ab's to increase
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Secondary Immune Response
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shorter lag(a day) to increase Ab's
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Typical Ab Structure
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Looks Like "Y"
Fab - variable region, contains binding site(top "v" section of "Y") Fc - constant region, binding sites for complement and host cells(Bottom part of "Y") |
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IgM
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very large pentamer, can't leave blood
Mop up lots of antigen 1st antibody in primary response |
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IgG
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Typical structure, small enough to leave blood and enter tissues
Can cross from placenta to fetus, on form of maternal Ab's |
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IgA
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Dimer, secretory Ab
mucus, breast milk/colostrum protects your tracts |
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IgD
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not in circulation, B Cell Receptors
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IgE
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are involved with Type 1, hypersensitivity(allergies)
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Types of Immunity
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Active - see and respond to Ag
Passive - you receive antibodies, not your own response |
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Naturally Acquired Active Immunity
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contact Ag during your daily activities
mount your own response |
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Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
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Maternal
Fetus - IgG's cross placenta Infant - breast milk |
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Artificially Acquired Active Immunity
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Vaccination
Mount own response |
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Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity
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Administer pooled gamma globulins from donors
Anti serum Anti toxins Anti Venoms |
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Cell Mediated Immunity
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TC Cells
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Humoral Immune Response
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Antibody Mediated
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Transplants
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Donated tissue/organ, graft
Most required Immunosuppressive therapy |
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Autograft
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transplant from one location on your body to another
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Isograft
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transplant from genetically identical twin or clone
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Allograft
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transplant from another human being
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Xenograft
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transplant from another species
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