Micro: Ch 13 Cell Growth And Metabolism

Front 1

If one bacterium goes through four generations, how many bact will result?

Back 1

16

Front 2

How long will it require ten bacteria to grow into more than one hundred bacteria if the doubling time is thirty minutes?

Back 2

2 hrs

Front 3

What does exponential growth mean?

Back 3

In every generation (for growth cycle) twice as many cells are formed. This is in contrast to adding one individual each generation.

Front 4

Diagram a normal growth curve for bact and label each of the four phases.

Back 4

Front 5

Explain what bact are doing in each of the four phases of growth

Back 5

In the lag phase, cells adapt to nutrients and prepare for cell division. In the log phase, cells double in regular intervals. In the stationary phase, cells maintain cell number but do not continue to grow because of nutrient depletion. In the decline phase, cells begin to die because of lack of E and nutrients.

Front 6

Define autolysis. Why may a bacterium autolyse?

Back 6

Autolysis is the breakdown of an organism because of its own purpose and mechanism. Some bact autolyse in order to spread and enhance growth of survivors.

Front 7

How can the number of viable cells in a culture be determined?

Back 7

The number of viable cells in a culture can be determined by performing dilutions at each time point, spreading aliquots on petri dishes, and counting the number of colonies that grow.

Front 8

What is the meaning of CFU?

Back 8

CFU means "colony forming unit". Each viable cell that can grow into a colony on a petri plate is a CFU.

Front 9

What information does a turbidimetric assay yield?

Back 9

A turbidimetric assay determines how many bacterial cells, living or dead, are present by use of a spectrophotometer. The number differs from CFU numbers, because CFU numbers only reflect viable cells.

Front 10

Anabolism

Back 10

The use of E and bldg blocks to make new cellular materials

Front 11

Catabolism

Back 11

the breakdown of complex materials that cells use for making more cells

Front 12

Metabolism

Back 12

all the chemical processes occurring in a cell

Front 13

Enzymes

Back 13

protein catalysts that cells use to convert some molecules into others

Front 14

Some enzymatic reactions are controlled by negative feedback. What happens when the product of a given reaction becomes high in concentration?

Back 14

When the cell is in an environment with ample amino acids, for instance, the cells gets the signal to save E and not to make its own amino acid.

Front 15

What is activation E?

Back 15

Activation E refers to the amount of heat necessary to cause a chemical reaction. Enzymes can dramatically reduce the activation energy.

Front 16

List the three major pathways of catabolism in organisms.

Back 16

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport

Front 17

Name the starting compound of glycolysis.

Back 17

glucose

Front 18

How many ATPs are produced by the glycolysis?

Back 18

2 ATPs

Front 19

How many ATPs are produced by the TCA cycle/electron transport?

Back 19

30 ATPs

Front 20

Name the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.

Back 20

oxygen

Front 21

Name two possible final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration.

Back 21

nitrate and sulfate

Front 22

List six commercially valuable products produced by fermentation.

Back 22

cheese, yogurt, vinegar, acetone, butyl alcohol, and beer and wine

Front 23

Name three types of macromolecules for which building blocks, or precursor molecules are required.

Back 23

DNA, RNA, and amino acids