Micro: Ch 12 Nutrition And Culturing

Front 1

What are the six most abundant elements in microbes?

Back 1

carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur

Front 2

What are the six most abundant types of molecules in a living bacterium?

Back 2

water, proteins, RNA, carbohydrates, lipids, and DNA

Front 3

What is the most abundant component of living bacteria?

Back 3

water

Front 4

Autotrophs (d)

Back 4

bact that can use CO2 from air as their carbon source

Front 5

Heterotrophs

Back 5

bact that require their carbon source in an organic form (sugar or an amino acid)

Front 6

Fastidious organisms

Back 6

Bact that do not produce their own vitamins, usually because they can acquire them from the host

Front 7

Auxotrophs

Back 7

mutant bact that are incapable of synthesizing an organic molecule, such as a vitamin

Front 8

Photoautotrophs

Back 8

bact that derive E from light

Front 9

Halophiles

Back 9

Bact that have adapted to growth in high-salt conditions

Front 10

Methanogens

Back 10

Bact that derive E from CO2 and H2 to produce methane gas

Front 11

Chemoautotrophs

Back 11

Bact that derive E from rocks or minerals rather than sunlight or organic materials

Front 12

How are culture media produced?

Back 12

Agar is added to the culture broth, the entire mix is boiled to melt the agar, and the mix is poured into petri dishes where it solidifies as it cools to room temp

Front 13

Distinguished defined media from complex media

Back 13

The complete chemical contents of defined media are known because they are made of known chemicals. Complex media includes some component that is from a biological source, animal or plant, in which some of the constituent chemicals are not known.

Front 14

Define selective media

Back 14

Selective media allow some orgs to grow while inhibiting others.

Front 15

Define differential media

Back 15

Differential media allow several kinds of orgs to grow, but the orgs appear diff; for example, the orgs might appear as diff colors

Front 16

How are pure bacterial cultures obtained?

Back 16

Pure bact cultures are obtained by streaking a sample of bact onto a petri dish so that indiv bact fall in well-isolated positions. The bact are grown into colonies so that individual colonies can be recovered as pure cultures.

Front 17

Name and define the technique used to work with microbial cultures.

Back 17

Aseptic technique is used to work with microbial cultures. It means handling samples so that they do not become contaminated from the outside.

Front 18

How does diffusion assist a cell nutritionally?

Back 18

Because of Brownian motion, nutrient molecules are constantly moving, so they make contact with the bacterium, pass through outer layers, and diffuse to the bacteria's cytoplasmic membrane where the cell can transport them inside.

Front 19

What prevents a bact cell from rupturing due to internal osmotic or hydrostatic pressure?

Back 19

The strength of the peptidoglycan layer prevents a bact cell from rupturing due to internal osmotic or hydrostatic pressure.

Front 20

Aerobes

Back 20

bact that grow with or without oxygen

Front 21

Facultative anaerobes

Back 21

bact that grow with or without O2

Front 22

microaerophiles

Back 22

bact that grow with or without O2

Front 23

anaerobes

Back 23

bacteria that fail to grow in the presence of O2

Front 24

acidophiles

Back 24

bact that grow in acidic environments

Front 25

alkalophiles

Back 25

bact that grow in alkaline environments

Front 26

obligate halophiles

Back 26

bact that cannot grow without salt

Front 27

psychrophiles

Back 27

bact that thrive in cold temps

Front 28

mesophiles

Back 28

bact that thrive in warm temps

Front 29

Thermophiles

Back 29

bact that thrive in hot temps

Front 30

thermoduric bacteria

Back 30

bact that cannot grow in high temps, but which are also not killed by high temps

Front 31

symbiosis

Back 31

a relationship in which diff orgs grow with one another

Front 32

synergism

Back 32

a relationship in which the total growth of 2 or more orgs is more than would have resulted had they drown independently

Front 33

commensalism

Back 33

A relationship in which one org helps another but is unaffected itself

Front 34

antagonism

Back 34

a harmful relationship between orgs

Front 35

normal flora

Back 35

native microbes that an indiv harbors without causing dz