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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is microbiology?
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The study of microorganisms
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What are microorganisms?
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The forms of life that are too small to be seen without a microscope.
Unicellular and ubiquitous |
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What are the major groups of microorganisms?
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Bacteria
Archaea Fungi Protozoa Algae Viruses |
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What are the subdisciplines of microbiology?
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Bacteriology - the study of bacteria
Virology - the study of viruses Mycology - the study of fungi Immunology - the study of immune system Protozoology - the study of protozoa Pathology - what your immune system does in response |
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What did Robert Hooke do?
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Built a compound microscope.
Made up the word "cell" |
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What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek do?
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Discovered the microbial world using a simple lens.
He named them "animalcules" (mostly bacteria and protozoa) Considered first microbiologist. |
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Why were cells and "animalcules" important?
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1. 2/3 domains of life
2. cell theory and biogenesis - cells derive from previous cells 3. germ theory of disease - contact with sick person --> you get sick also |
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What did Redi think about spontaneous generation?
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he said NO it does not exist.
maggots didnt appear in guaze-covered jars containing meat, but only in open jars containing meat. He kept flies in his experiment, but not the decaying. |
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What did Needham think about spontaneous generation?
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he said YES it does exist
he heated the broth and poured into a convered flask. supported the growth of microorganisms |
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What did Spallanzani think about spontaneous generation?
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said NO it doesn't exist
heated the broth after sealing it in a vessel. no growth occurred. he said you can't get life from just organic material -- life must come out of life. |
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What did Louis Pasteur think about spontaneous generation?
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He proved that spontaneous generation does not exist. He built an S-shaped flask with heated broth and no microbial growth occurred.
He demonstrated BIOGENESIS |
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What did Schleiden and Schwann propose?
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They proposed that all things are composed of cells.
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What is the Modern Cell Theory?
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-All living things are composed of cells.
-All cells derive from pre-existing cells (biogenesis) |
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What is the Germ theory of Disease ? Who were the people involved?
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Disease is caused by invisible particles or seeds that went from one person to another
Gracastoro, Jenner, Semmelweis, John Snow, Lister, Pasteur, Koch |
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What did Fracastoro do?
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He proposed the germ theory of disease.
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What did Jenner do?
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He introduced the smallpox vaccine
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What did Semmelweis do?
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He demonstrated that childbed fever is transmitted by physicians to their patients.
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What did John Snow do?
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He demonstrated that cholera spread through contaminated drinking water.
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What did Lister do?
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He was a surgeon. He started treating surgical wounds with phenol and the infection rate dropped.
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What did Pasteur do? (about germ theory)
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He associated an animal disease with a microorganisms
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What did Koch prove?
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He proved that bacterium causes anthrax. He proposed his postulates.
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What are the Koch's Postulates?
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-Organism must be present in every case of the disease
-Organism must be isolated and grown in pure culture. -Another animal must be infected with the organism. -Animal must come down with the same disease. -Identical organism is isolated once again from the test animal. |
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What is fermentation?
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Yeast convert sugar to alcohol in the absense of air
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What is Pasteurization?
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Heating wine destroyed microbes that cuased spoilage (disease of wine)
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What are the discoveries of the golden age of microbio?
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-fermentation
-pasteurization -isolation and identification of many bacteria -sulfer cycle (anaerobic respiration) -ativities of viruses -malaria life cycle -penicillin |
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What did Winogradsky do?
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He elucidated the sulfur cycle (environmental microbio) -- anaerobic respiration
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What did Iwanowski and Beijerinch do?
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They observed the activities of viruses
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What did Ronald Ross do?
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Discovered the Malaria life cycle
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What did Fleming do?
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He discovered penicillin
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What is infectious disease?
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A disease caused by a microorganism
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What is emerging infectious disease?
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A new or reocurring infectious disease
AIDS, TB, mad cow, .. |
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What is Bioterrorism?
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The use of microorganisms as terror...
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What is biotechnology?
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The use of microorganisms and other iological systems for the benefit of mankind.
Vaccine, crop control. fuel, bioweapons... |
