Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Adverse effect of Beta lactams
|
CNS, bleeding, nephrotoxicity, allergy
|
|
|
Adverse effect of vancomycin
|
histamine release
|
|
|
Adverse effect of aminoglycosides
|
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neuromuscular
|
|
|
Adverse effect of tetracyclines
|
discoloration of teeth, bones
|
|
|
Adverse effect of erythromycin
|
hepatitis, gastrointestinal
|
|
|
Adverse effect of clindamycin
|
pseudomembranous colitis
|
|
|
Adverse effect of chloramphenicol
|
aplastic anemia, bone marrow
|
|
|
Adverse effect of quinolones
|
CNS toxicity, arthropathy, QT prolongation
|
|
|
Adverse effect of Sulfonamides
|
hemolytic anemia
|
|
|
Adverse effect of trimethoprim
|
folate antagonism
|
|
|
Concentration dependent killers
|
Quinolones and Aminoglycosides
|
|
|
Time dependent killers
|
Beta-lactams
|
|
|
Beta-lactams
|
- Include Penicillin
- Homologs of D-ala-D-ala - Inhibit the cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands catalyzed by transpeptidases |
|
|
Bet-lactams: mechanism of action
|
- nhibit the cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands catalyzed by a transpeptidase
- homologs of D-ala-D-ala |
|
|
Beta Lactams: Selective toxicity
|
Bacteria have cell walls (include D-ala-D-ala; transpeptidases)
Humans do not have cell walls (L-ala and no transpeptidases) |
|
|
Penicillin G spectrum of activity
|
- Gram positive streptococcus
-Anaerobes, esp "above the belt" |
|
|
Penicillin G: Absorption
|
Acid unstable (if taken orally, all digested in stomach)
Erratically absorbed |
|
|
Penicillin G: Distribution
|
- 50% body weight
- Meager CSF penetration -pumped out via organic ion transport -increased penetration with inflamm as pump inhibited |
|
|
Penicillin G: Metabolism
|
Only 10% metabolized but some products allergenic
|
|
|
Penicillin G: Elimination
|
Renal excretion (glomerular filtration and secretion via organic anion pump)
Half life 45 minutes |
|
|
Characteristics of all beta-lactams
|
- Inhibit transpeptidases
- Bactericidal - Time dependent killing - Post antibiotic effect on Gram positive |
|
|
Penicillin resistance
|
- Alterations in penicillin binding protein
- Reduced permeability - Beta-lactamases chew up beta-lactams such as penicillin |
|
|
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
|
- Clavulanate
- Sulbactam - Tazobactam |
|
|
Bacteria that can cause exudative inflammation with necrosis
|
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Staphylococcus aureaus - Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Examples of things causing exudative inflammation
|
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Staphylococcus aureus - Streptococcus pneumoniae |
|
|
Streptococcus aureus
|
- Gram positive diplococcus
- Most common cause of penumonia - Evades host response until reaches lungs - Cause exudative inflammation - Cause meningitis |
