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21 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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S/S: sore throat, runny nose, congestion, cough.. "i have a cold"
EPI: seasonal, children, direct contact spread DX: swab, ELISA (rapid) PV: isolation and handwashing C: LRI, otitis, sinusitis, asthma/COPD exacerbation |
Rhinovirus
Coronavirus (RSV, h.metapneumovirus, influenza, adenovirus, paravirus (croup), h.bocavirus |
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S/S: fever, sore throat, dysphagia, pharyngeal eryhema, EXUDATE, LAD, N/V
Dx: conjuctivitis 6-12y/o Strep 12-24y/o mono TX: strep: PCN 10d C: mono-Burkitts, nasopharyngeal CA, splenic rupture; Strep --> Scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis |
conjuctivitis (pink eye) adenovrius
mono (EBV) 12-24 y/o rapid strep (GAS) 6-12 y/o |
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S/S: otalgia (ear ache), drainage, < hearing, fever, TM bulging/lose landmarks/red, blebs TM (virus)
DX: tympanocentesis, myringotomy, OTITIS MEDIA TX: amoxicillin, cephalospporin, TMP-SMX C: perforation, hearing loss, Learning disability, mastoiditis, meningitis |
sterile (1/3)
sterp pneumonia (1/3) h.influenza (1/6) |
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S/S: sinus pain, HA, fever, rhinorrhea, otitis media
DX: sinusitis, no transillumination opaque TX: abx C: chronic sinusitis, osteomyelitis, meningitis |
sterile (1/3)
strep pneumonia (1/3) h.influenza (1/6) other (1/6) chronic: staphylococus & anaerobes |
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S/S: preceding URI, sore throat, barking cough, STRIDOR choking sensation, drool
chills, fever, toxic swollen epiglottis and neck (sit up and lean forward) DX: blood culture (bacteremia); lateral X-ray (thumb sign), throat culture NO gag reflex due to swollen epig DX: epiglotitis TX: vaccine (h.influenza) PV: establish airway (antibiotic) C: airway obstruction |
parainfluenza
h.influenza type B GAS Strep pneumoniae |
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S/s: catarrhal (rhinorrhea)
proxysmal (cough/whoop 3-5wks) convalescent (get better) MICRO: eXotoxin EPI: non-immunized adults w/waning immunity DX: whooping cough, clinical, culture, fluorescent Ab stain, PCR TX: supportive, erythromycin PV: vaccine DPT (baby) DTap (adult) C: respiration compromise |
Bordetella pertussis (exotoxin)
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Ss: pharyngitis, LAD, fever, malaise
gray pseudomembrane (throat) -->> myocarditis (heart) -->> myelin degeneration (nerves) MICRO: toxin attaches to EF2 EPI: non-immunized aduts; investigate close contacts DX: clinical, culture TX: antitoxin, PCN, supportive PV: DPT (baby) DTap (adults) C: myocarditis (heart failure, arrythmias) --> myelin degeneration (nerve palsy/paralysis) |
Corynebacterium diptheria
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Ss: less explosive (acute onset, chest pain, fever) compared to strep pneumoniae, if invasive spreads; non-invasive respiratory tract
MICRO Gram (-) rod, capsule, pilli, IgA protease [GF's V: NAD for lysed RBC and X: hematin] DX: sputum, GS, CXR, blood cx TX: ceftriaxone PV: vaccine type b (ribositol capsule) C: otitis media, meningitis (<4y/o), epiglotitis (2-7y/o), PLEURAL effusion |
Haemophilus influenza type B
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Ss: rusty sputum, acute onset, chest pain, fever, URI (?)
4 STAGES: congestion, red/white hepatization, resolution MICRO: Gram (+) diplococci, bile soluble, qellung (+) 'swells'; optochin sensitive, capsule DX: sptum "rusty", GS, CXR:loobar/consolidation, blood cx, UA, antigen sputum TX: PCN, cephalosporin, erythromycin PV: vaccine C: spesis, meningitis, DEATH |
Sterptococcus pneumoniae
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Ss: PONTIAC fever, "flu", Legionnaires cough (painful), N/V, fever, decrease HR
MICRO: Gram (-) rod, INTRAcellular, NOcapsule, charcoal yeast rq' MOMP surface protein (inhibit phagosome) MIP inhibit phago/lyso fusion (macrophage 1st infected) DX: sputum, GS, CXR EPI: h2O, h2O, h2O (lakes, rivers, cooling) via aspiration TX: erythromycin |
Legionella pneumophilia
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Ss: fever, myalgia, cough, SOB, rales
MICRO:SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) DX: rales, CXR infiltrates, droplet spread sputum TX: ventilator, ribavirin, steroids |
Coronavirus
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Ss: 'not sick looking', URI, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis, persistant COUGH, fever (3-4d)
MICRO: G (-) INTRAcellular + inclusions; lower midlung & "patchy" DX: CXR worse than expected, droplet spread sputum TX: tetracyclins, erythromycin (10-14d) |
Chlamydia pneumoniae (atypical bacteria)
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Ss: "not sick looking", URI, pharyngitis, thraceobronchitis, persistant COUGH, fever (3-4d)
MICRO: G(-) "NO cell wall" surface adhesion --> EPI cell --> destruction >> cold agglutinins Dx: CXR worst than expected, droplet spread sputum (lower mid lung patchy) TX: tetracyclin & erythromycin C: erythema multiforme, hemolytic anemia, myocardiitis, pericaridits atypical pneumonia (interstital dx) |
Mycoplasma pneumonia (atypical bacteria)
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Ss:asymptomatic; ICP's: pneumonia, cough, chest pain, malaise, wt loss, dissemination
MICRO: monomorphic - yeast like, encapsulated EPI: pigeon poop DX; antigen detection, sputum cx, stain: INDIAN ink (capsular halos) |
Cryptococcus neoformans (fungus)
OPPORTUNISTIC!! |
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Ss: ICP's: pneumonia, thrush, retinal disseminates
MICRO: POLYmorphic (hyphae/pseudohyphae or yeast) mannoprotein (adhesion) --> glycoprotein fibronectin EPI: everywhere (normal flora) "given out like candy" DX; thrush, blood cx |
Candida albicans (fungus)
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Ss:ICP's: pneumonia, dissemination
MICRO: FuNGAL ball rapid growing EPI: everywhere DX;saphrophyte (mycelial phase); post TB and CA |
Aspergillosis (fungus)
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Ss: asymptomatic; dry cough --> productive (PYOgranulomatous dx); pleuric pain, fever (DISSEMINATES --> skin, GU, bone)
MICRO: DImorphic (mycelia/mold (out) or yeast/budding (in) BROAD BASED BUDDInG (thick double contoured wall) EPI: Miss/OHio RivER valley SEUSA --> h2o blue DX;consolidation, sputum cx, stain: KOH, silver, PAS |
Blastomyces dermatitidis (fungus)
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Ss: asymptomatic; Valley fever = pneumonia (URI w/cough, pain, sweat; Desert bumps = disseminated erythema multiforme
MICRO:DImorphic mycelia/mold (out) or yeast spherule (ENDOSPORE) EPI: SW USA, Mexico, CA "cock your pistols in the southwest" DX; eggshell calcifications |
Coccidiodes immitis/posadsii (fungus)
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Ss: asymptomatic; flu-like (fever, chill, myalgia), erythema nodosum; ICP's dissemination
MICRO: DImorphic (mycelia/mod or yeast/budding) INTRACELLULAR (macrophage) NO capsule EPI:central US; Birds & Bats DX; BUckSHOT calcifications, cx, stain in macrophage |
Histoplasma capsulatum (fungus)
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Ss: rales, consolidatin, chest asymmertry, adenopathy organomegaly; <weight, fatigue, night sweats, chills, myalgias, productive cough, chest pain, hemoptysis
MICRO: EPI: DX; ACID FAST, INTRAcellular, aerobic, culture (LowensteinJohnson medium), lung BIOPSY, montour tes, CXR: granulomas--> fibrosis C: Pott's dx (spine infection) reactive --> liquefaction, dissemination, milliary TB |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (aerobic bacteria)
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Ss: V/lethargy/change MS, irritability, nuchal rigidity, macular rash >> fever w/out response to anti-pyretic
MICRO: G (-) diplococci INTRAcellular, chocolate agar (Thayer martin) CAPSULaTED, pilus, Blebs (eNdotoxin) EPI: DX; Kering's sign; Brudzinskis sign TX: steroids, abx C: meningiococcemia (systemic dissemination), seizures, CN palsies, learning deficits, MR, deafness, Shock, organ dysfunction, Purpura |
Neisseria meningitis G(-) diplococci
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