Micro Bio

Front 1

what is the name of the process where bacteria are used to clean up human messes.

Back 1

bioremediation

Front 2

what is an example of the use of biotechnology using microrganisms

Back 2

production of human insulin

Front 3

what depends on the realtive velocity that light passes through a material

Back 3

refractive index

Front 4

what is the most common method of microscopy and does not allow clear recognition of internal structures?

Back 4

brightfield microscopy

Front 5

what has to be done to cells in order to see them with bright field?

Back 5

stain them which kills them

Front 6

which kind of microscopy is usefull because it does not kill the microrganism

Back 6

phase contrast p58

Front 7

____ is the name for a man made dye that flouresces a certain color and is put on cell.

Back 7

flourochrome

Front 8

_____ is the name given to the technique where flourescent antibodies are used to label cells

Back 8

imunoflouresence

Front 9

In _____ eceltron micrography electrons are passed through a stained cross section of a micro o

Back 9

transmission

Front 10

what color are gram neg cells and what chemical do they contain

Back 10

pink/ red and they contain safranin

Front 11

In Gram staining what do you do after you add crystal violet to cell

Back 11

you add Iodine mordent to intensify stain

Front 12

_____ is the cell strucutre that increases the surface area to volume ratio and is found mostly in gram __ cells.

Back 12

mesomere/ gram +

Front 13

what structure is used for buyoncy

Back 13

gas vacuole

Front 14

what is the name of storage center in cell?

Back 14

inclusion center

Front 15

what are the two layers of gram + cell

Back 15

cell membrane+ peptidoglycan (that is thicker than gram -).

Front 16

what transport system is driven by the proton motive force

Back 16

simple transport

Front 17

what type of transport of material accross membrane is driven by the addition of a phosphate group to substance after it crosses membrane

Back 17

group translocation

Front 18

what system of membrane transport involves periplasmic protein binding and the use of ATP

Back 18

the ABC system

Front 19

in the simple transport system what is the name for the protein where a substrate only goes through membrane in one direction

Back 19

uniporter

Front 20

in simple transport what is the name for the protein where two stubstrates enter cell together

Back 20

symporter

Front 21

In the phosphoenoltransferace subdivision of group translocation what part of the complex is the variable region that changes depending on sugas?

Back 21

the enzyme two region p 73

Front 22

what is function of slime later

Back 22

to protect cell, help cell adhere to surfaces, and make cell unrecognizable to white blood cells.

Front 23

how many cells can a spore form and what type of bacteria do this +/-?

Back 23

one and only some gram + do this

Front 24

what kind of linkage is in between the glyerol and fatty acids in archae and eubacteria

Back 24

ether / ester

Front 25

what are the subunites of prok / eukaryote ribozyems

Back 25

prok.- 30S, 50S = 70S
euk. - 40S, 60S= 80S

Front 26

what type of linkage joins the subunits in eu and arache bacteria

Back 26

Beta(1,4) in eubact.
Beta(1,3)in achae bact.

Front 27

what is different about amino acid side chain in gram +/- bact.

Back 27

gram + have interbridge that makes peptidogylcan thicker. ; 76

Front 28

what is embedded in peptiodgylcan layer of gram + bact that is not in gram -

Back 28

lipoteichoic acid and teichoic acid

Front 29

does lipoteichoic or teichoic acid anchor peptidoglycan to cell membrane

Back 29

lipoteichoic acid

Front 30

what makes up bacteria cell wall

Back 30

periplasmic space with peptiodglycan immersed and outer membrane

Front 31

what is structure on the outside of gram neg outer membrane called that consists of lipid and polysaccharide

Back 31

Lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS)

Front 32

what part of the LPS in gram neg bact. is variable and what is highly conserved

Back 32

the O-specific region / the core polysaccharide and lipid A region

Front 33

what structure embedded in LPS allows small hydrophobic molecules to pass`

Back 33

porin molecule

Front 34

what region of gram neg bacteria do our immune cells notice

Back 34

the variable O-polysaccharide

Front 35

what protein is flagella made of

Back 35

flagellin

Front 36

what is difference in flagella in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Back 36

prokaryotes- flagella rotates, proton motive force (PMF) is power source

eukaryotes- flagella whips, ATP is energy source

Front 37

what term describes bacteria that have a) flagella all around b) one flagella

Back 37

a) peritrichous b) monotrichous (polar)

Front 38

can gram + or - cells form endospores

Back 38

GRAM +

Front 39

for ribozomes what does the S stand for and what does it represent

Back 39

Svedburg and reflects weight, shape and mass

Front 40

what is the overall charge on surface of gram positive

Back 40

negative because of techoic acid

Front 41

what is the procedure for testing for spores?

Back 41

use malacite green as primary stain, boil, add safranin 2nd stain, wash. spores will be green

Front 42

what region of the LPS can endotoxin tneter

Back 42

Lipid A region

Front 43

can gram + or - bacteria change their O-polyscharide regions so that its harder for immune cells to target them

Back 43

negative

Front 44

in prokaryotes does the filament whip or rotate

Back 44

rotates

Front 45

what is the energy source of flagella in prokaryotes

Back 45

Proton motive force

Front 46

what is the key enzyme in the preparatory stage of glycolysis

Back 46

phosphofrcutokinase

Front 47

what is the name of the enzyme that turns glucose into glucose 6-phosphate

Back 47

hexokinase (phosphotransferase system)

Front 48

how many ATP generated in TCA per one pyruvate

Back 48

15 ATP

Front 49

what do inhibitors do to electron transport chain and what are some examples

Back 49

they bind to complexes and prevent H+ gradient from forming ex- cyanide, azide, CO

Front 50

what group of agents can uncouple F0 and F1 and ATP synthase in ETS so that instead of ATP being produces only heat is made and give an ex.

Back 50

uncouples- ex: DNP (di nitro phenol).

Front 51

in TCA what two compounds can be made into a.a

Back 51

alpha-ketoglutarate and oxalacetate

Front 52

what part of bacterial cell wall formation does penicllin disrupt

Back 52

transpeptidation

Front 53

what part of penicillin do penicillin Resistant bacteria attack

Back 53

the Beta lactam ring

Front 54

_____ is a way of using a grid system to count up the number of cells

Back 54

hematocytometer

Front 55

what method of plating do you use to get viable cell count

Back 55

the serial dillution

Front 56

what is name of tool used to measure how much light passes through a certain medium

Back 56

a spectrophotometer

Front 57

what type of bacteria love to grow at very cold temps

Back 57

psychro/phile

Front 58

_____ aerobic bacteria can grow in both O2 and anerobic conditions but prefer aerobic

Back 58

facultative aerobs

Front 59

_____ bacteria perfer to grow just below otic zone in test tube because they like low [O2].

Back 59

microaerophiles