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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gram positive cocci (2)
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staph, strep
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Gram positive rods - aerobic or facultative anaerobic (5)
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bacillus, listeria, corynebacterium, nocardia, mycobacterium
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Gram positive rods - anaerobic (3)
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clostridium, actinomyces, lactobacillus
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Gram negative cocci (2)
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neisseria, moraxella
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Gram negative rods - aerobic (5)
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'Bruce's pseudo leg bords (from) France)'
pseudomonas, legionella, brucella, bordetella, francisella |
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Gram negative helical/curved rods - aerobic (2)
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campylobacter, helicobacter
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Gram negative rods - facultative anaerobic (10)
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Enterobacteriaceae - 'CEEK ShYPS' (citrobacter, escherichia, enterobacter, klebsiella, shigella, yersinia, proteus, serratia)
vibrio, haemophilus |
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Spirochetes (3)
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treponema, borrelia, leptospira
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Rickettsiaecea (3)
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rickettsia, bartonella, ehrlichia
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Non-Gram-staining bacteria
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mycoplasma
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Differentiating staph vs. strep
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All staph are catalase (+), all strep are (-)
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Staph aureus
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-Gram (+) cocci clusters
-Catalase & coagulase (+) -Ferments manitol, B-hemolysis -Gastroenteritis (custards), pyoderma/impetigo, osteomyelitis, nosocomial pneumonia, TSS |
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Staph epidermidis
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-Gram (+) cocci clusters
-Catalase (+) & coagulase (-) -Novobiocin sensitive -IVDU endocarditis, catheter/prosthetic device infections |
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Staph saprophytics
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-Gram (+) cocci clusters
-Catalase (+) & coagulase (-) -Novobiocin resistant -UTI in newly sexually active females |
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Strep pyogenes
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-Gram (+) chains
-Catalase/coagulase (-) -PYR (+), B-hemolysis -Bacitracin sensitive -Pharyngitis, scarlet fever (sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue), impetigo, acute glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever |
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Strep agalactiae
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-Gram (+) chains
-Catalase/coagulase (-) -cAMP (+), B-hemolysis -Bacitracin resistant -Neonatal meningitis, septicemia (#1 cause) |
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Strep pneumoniae
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-Gram (+) chains
-Catalase/coagulase (-) -Optochin sensitive -A-hemolysis -Most common cause of: pneumonia, adult meningitis, sinusitis/otitis media (kids) |
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Viridans strep
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-Gram (+) chains
-Catalase/coagulase (-) -Optochin resistant -A-hemolysis -Dental carries, endocarditis |
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Enterococcus (strep)
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-Gram (+)
-Catalase/coagulase (-) -PYR(+) -hydrolyzes esculin -Urinary/biliary tract infection, subacute bacterial endocarditis (elderly males - after surgery) |
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Bacillus anthracis
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Gram(+) aerobic rod, spore forming
Cutaneous (necrotic black eschar), pulmonary (mediastinal hemorrhage), GI Animal hide workers, bioterrorism |
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Bacillus cereus
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Gram (+) aerobic rod, spore forming
Emetic toxin - preformed Rapid onset vomiting/diarrhea after rice (fried rice - Chinese) |
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Clostridium tetani
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Gram (+) anaerobic spore-forming rod
Dirty puncture wound --> rigid paralysis (inhibits GABA/glycine in spinal synapse) |
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Clostridium botulinum
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Gram (+) anaerobic spore-forming rod
Home canned alkaline veggies, flaccid paralysis (floppy baby - honey) Inhibits ACh release at NM junction |
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Clostridium perfringens
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Gram (+) anaerobic spore-forming rod
-stormy fermentation (milk media) -double zone hemolysis -identified by Nagler egg yolk rxn Gas gangrene (myonecrosis), non-inflammatory diarrhea food poisoning (reheated meats) |
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Clostridium difficile
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Gram (+) anaerobic spore-forming rod
Causes diarrhea/colitis in hospitalized pts on antibiotics |
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Listeria monocytogenes
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Gram (+) intracellular rod
-tumbling motility, cold growth -B-hemolysis Foodborne (deli foods) Transplacental - granulomatosis infantiseptica; neonatal septicemia/meningitis, meningitis in renal transplant or cancer pt |
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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Gram(+) aerobic rods
-B-prophage carries toxin genes --> ADP ribosylation of eEF2 Diptheria = bull neck, gray pseudomembrane, heart/nerve damage |
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Actinomyces israelii
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Gram (+) anaerobic branching rod
-molar tooth colonies Draining tissue abscess w/ sulfur granules -lumpy jaw, pelvic spread from IUD |
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Nocardia
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Gram (+) aerobic filamentous rods, partially acid-fast
Cavitary bronchopulmonary disease, mycetoma (draining abscess w/ granules) |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Acid-fast rods, obligate aerobe
-produces niacin, hs-catalase High risk pt, chronic cough/wt. loss, ghon focus |
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Mycobacterium avium/kansasii
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AIDS pts (low CD4 count), cancer, chronic lung disease
-avium = nonchromogen -kansasii = photochromogen (color after light exposure) |
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Mycobacterium leprae
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Acid-fast rods, obligate intracellular
Immigrant pt w/ sensory loss in extremities Tuberculoid = strong CMI/TH1 response, lepromin +, granuloma formation/CMI damages nerves Lepromatous = weak CMI, lepromi -, high intracellular organism count (overgrowth damages nerves), loss of eyebrows, destructed nasal septum |
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Neisseria meningitidis
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Gram (-) diplococci, oxidase (+) - flood w/ phenylenediamine --> black
-large capsule (identifying antigen in CSF) Ferments glucose & maltose Meningitis in young adults |
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Gram (-) diplococci, oxidase (+)
-B-lactam resistant (b-lactamase) Urethral/vaginal discharge, arthritis, opthalmia (infants - blindness) DX - see gram(-) diplococci in PMNs |
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Moraxella catarrhalis
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Gram (-) diplococcus
Otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis/bronchopneumonia in elderly w/ COPD |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Gram (-) aerobic rod
-oxidase (+), blue-green fruity grape smell Burn infections, pneumonia (in chronic granulomatous disease, cystic fibrosis), UTI (catherized pts) Toxin ADP ribosylates eEF-2 (diptheria) |
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Legionella pneumophila
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Gram (-) pleomorphic water rods
-require cysteine, iron (charcoal-yeast) Atypical pneumonia - smokers/alcoholics/immnosuppressed Exposure to water aerosol |
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Francisella tularensis
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Gram (-) intracellular rod, zoonosis
Hunter w/ ulceroglandular disease, atypical pneumonia, gastrointestinal disease Rabbits, deer, rodents - Arkansas, Missouri |
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Bordetella pertussis
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Gram (-) aerobic rod
Toxin ADP ribosylates Gi Unvaccinated child (immigrant, religious) --> inspiratory whoop |
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Brucella
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Gram (-) aerobic rods; zoonosis
Acute septicemia/evening fever in pt w/ exposure to animals/unpasteurized dairy -travel to California/Mexico |
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Campylobacter
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Gram (-) curved rod w/ polar gull-wing flagella
-grows at 42c, oxidase + Poultry Invades colon mucosa --> inflammatory diarrhea |
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Helicobacter pylori
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Gram (-) spiral gastric rod w/ flagella
-UREASE + Gastritis, ulcers, stomach cancer |
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Vibrio cholerae
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Gram (-) curved rod w/ polar flagella; oxidase +
-Alkaline growth Rice water stool (non-inflammatory diarrhea) - severe fluid loss Cholera enterotoxin ADP ribosylates Gs --> incr. cAMP --> efflux of Cl-/H2O Vibro parahaemolyticus/vulnificus - raw seafoodgastroenteritis |
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Escherichia coli
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Gram (-) facultative anaerobic rod
-oxidase (-), catalase (+) -ferments lactose UTI (most common cause), neonatal septicemia/meningitis, septicemia (indwelling IV lines) Gastroenteritis ETEC = traveler's (non-inflammatory) EPEC = pediatric (non-inflammatory) EIEC (inflammatory) EHEC (hamburger) |
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Gram (-) facultative anaerobic rod
-oxidase (-), catalase (+) -ferments lactose, encapsulated Currant jelly sputum, pneumonia - alcoholics, lung disease, diabetes Catheter-related UTI, septicemia |
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Shigella
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Gram (-) facultative anaerobic rod
-oxidase (-), catalase (+) -doesn't ferment lactose, non-motile/non-H2S Acute bloody diarrhea/fever Toxin cleaves 60s ribosome |
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Yersinia pestis
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Gram (-) facultative anaerobic rod
-coagulase + -safety pin staining (dx) Zoonosis, bioterror potential Southwest desert rodents --> flea bite --> fever, swollen armpit/groin LNs, conjunctivitis, pneumonia |
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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Gram (-) facultative anaerobic rod
-non-lactose fermenting, non-h2s -cold (northern) climates Inflammatory diarrhea, pseudoappendicitis - unpasteurized milk, pork |
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Proteus
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Gram (-) facultative anaerobic rod
-non-lactose fermenting -peritrichous flagella (swarming motility) -UREASE + staghorn renal stones, UTI, septicemia |
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Salmonella enterica (typhi)
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Gram (-) facultative anaerobic rod
-non-lactose fermenting -motile, h2s producing -capsule Low stomach acid or sickle cell predisposes Thypoid fever -begins in ileocecal region --> LNs --> blood (+ culture 1wk, trunk/ab rose spots) -biliary system becomes infected --> + stool culture (wk3) Fever, abdominal pain, constipation; peyer's patch necrosis |
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Salmonella enterica (non-typhi)
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Gram (-) facultative anaerobic rod
-non-lactose fermenting -h2s producing, motile antibodies detectable in serum w/ Widal agglutination test Chicken products, reptile pets Inflammatory enterocolitis, septicemia (very young/old pts), osteomyelitis (sickle cell) |
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Haemophilus influenzae
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Gram(-) pleomorphic rod
-requires X & V growth factors -grows near staph aureus on blood agar -capsule Meningitis in unvaccinated 3mo-2yrs, pneumonia in smokers |
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Haemophilus ducreyi
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Gram (-) pleomorphic rod
-requires X & V growth factors -grows near staph aureus on blood agar -capsule Chancres/soft genital ulcers (STD), increases HIV transmission |
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Gardnerella
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Gram (-) pleomorphic rod
-facultative anaerobe Increase vag pH --> flourish --> bacterial vaginosis Odor, thin gray discharge, Clue cells (bacteria-covered epithelial cells), Whiff test - KOH --> fish |
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Pasturella
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Gram (-) facultative anaerobic rods
Cat bites --> cellulitis, lymphadenitis |
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Bacteroides fragilis
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Gram (-) anaerobic
Septicemia, peritonitis, abscess from trauma, emergency abdominal surgery |
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Treponema pallidum
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SYPHILLIS
Spirochete (spiral w/ axial filament) -gram (-) but poorly visible STD or transplacental Sexuall active pt or neonate of IVDU -primary = non-tender indurated genital chancre -secondary = copper-colored maculopapular rash, condyloma lata -tertiary = gummas in CNS, CV system DX w/ dark-field/fluoresecent microscopy |
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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Gram (-) spirochete
Transmitted by deer ticks (ixodes) and mice (nymphs) Lyme disease -erythema migrans (spreading bull's eye lesion - central clearing) Arthralgias/migratory arthritis, cardiac, neuro (headache, meningitis, CN palsies) |
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Leptospira interrogans
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Spirochetes w/ hooks
-seen on dark-field microscopy Urine-contaminated water (jet-skiers, sewer workers) - HAWAII Influenza-like w/ or w/o GI |
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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Obligate intracellular (can't make ATP)
-not seen on Gram stain In cells - found as active reticulate bodies Infective/extracellular form - inactive elementary bodies Sexual contact, birth, hand-eye Non-gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, PID, inclusion conjunctivitis Neonates - inclusion conjunctivitis, pneumonia African, Asian immigrants...genital lymphadenopathy Trachoma - conjunctivitis --> scarring --> blindness Dx - cytoplasmic inclusions, can't be cultured on inert media (need tissue or eggs) |
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Chlamydia pneumonia
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Sputum w/ intracytoplasmic inclusions
C. psittaci - atypical pneumonia - parrot exposure |
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Rickettsia
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Gram (-) aerobic bacilli
-obligate intracellular Transmitted by hard ticks (dermacentor) - East coast mountains, spring/summer RMSF -headache, fever, petechial rash starts at ankles/wrists --> trunk Weil Felix + (cross rxn w/ Proteus) |
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Ehrlichia
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Gram (-) bacilli
-obligate intracellular of monocytes/granulocytes Influenza-like sxs, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, NO RASH Morulae inside cells |
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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No cell wall, sterols in membrane
-requires cholesterol for culture -FRIED EGG colonies Young adult - atypical pneumonia (WALKING pneumonia) Positive cold agglutinin Mulberry colonies on sterol media |
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Ureaplasma urealyticum
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Non-gram staining, urease +
Urethritis, prostatits, renal stones, alkaline urine |
