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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Penicillins
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B-lactams
- Penicllin G - Penicillin V Good against Gram + (strep), but do not work if bug makes B-lactamase or has altered PBPs |
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B-lactamase resistant penicillins
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Oxacillin
Nafcillin Dicloxacillin (good for MSSA - but not as good as penicillin for Strep) |
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Aminopenicillins
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Ampicillin
Amoxicillin good Gram + and Gram - actvity |
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Ureidopenicllins (Ticarcillin, Piperacillin)
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Excellent Gram - activity
***can get to Pseudomonas*** |
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Cephalosporins
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Also have a B-lactam ring
Cefazolin (Ancef) Cephalexin (Keflex) - as generation increases, better Gram - activity 3rd gen - Ceftriaxone |
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Carbapenems
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Have B-lactam ring
- Imipenem - Meropenem **Good for MIXED infections, or highly resistant, should be used w/an aminoglycoside** |
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B-lactamase inhibitors
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Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam Often formulated with B-lactam antibiotics - Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid = Augmentin - Ampicillin + Sulbactam = Unasyn ***Do NOT work for MRSA!!!*** |
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Glycopeptides
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Vancomycin
- Binds D-Ala-D-Ala, inhibits cross-linking of peptidoglycan cell wall - Hospital-acquired MRSA |
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Aminoglycosides
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Gentamicin
Tobramysin Amikacin Bind to 16S subunit of 30S ribosomal subunit - cause termination of translation - cause errors in translation (can't move tRNA from A site to P site) most effective against aerobic Gram negative bacteria |
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Macrolides/azalides
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Erythromycin
Clarithromycin Azithromycin Bind 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibit translocation rxn - Blocks assembly of 50S unit - Blocks peptide exit tunnel from 50S ribosome (inhibits peptidyl-transferase reaction) Erythromycin - treat Strep in penicillin allergic patients for "atypical" pathogens (B-lactams won't kill, b/c no cell wall) |
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Sulfonamides
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Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
(TMP-SMX) **Inhibit serial steps of folate biosynthesis pathway** Useful in urinary tract |
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Fluoroquinolones
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Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin Substantial Gram negative activity Inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase) - inhibit DNA replication |
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Tetracyclines
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Tetracycline
Doxycycline Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit - inhibit rotation of AA-tRNA into A site *for bacteria w/o cell walls (chlamydia) atypical pathogens* |
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Linezolid
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good promise for multiresistant Gram positive bugs
Binds to 50S ribosomal subunit, prevent formation of initiation complex |
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Clindamycin
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Blocks movement of tRNA in ribosome
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Metronidazole
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Broad spectrum of activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa
Activated when reduced by ferredoxins, reactions w/DNA and other parasite constituents |
