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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dutch eyeglass makers who produced the first compound microscope around 1590 |
Zaccharias and Hans Janssen |
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Antony van Leeuwenhoek |
Native of holland Father of microscopy Observed protozoans and bacteria "Animalcules" |
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Robert Hooke |
•English scientist •Improved the design and capability of the compound light microscope •Observed insects, sponges etc |
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Light microscope |
Uses visible light & optical lenses. Final magnification : multiply enlarging power of the ocular and objective lenses |
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Light microscopes is used for? |
•Dissection and stereomicroscopes •Low power for observing whole objects. |
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Bright field microscope |
•Background is lighter than observed specimen • Most specimens require fixing and staining for bright-field microscopy |
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Dark field microscopes |
• View unfixed, unstained specimens such as living organisms. • Motility can be easily observed because the organism are alive |
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Phase contrast microscopes |
• To view unfixed, transparent specimens • observation of cytoplasmic streaming and dynamic states of cell organelles |
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Fluorescence microscope |
•Ultraviolet illumination •Used in diagnosis of infectious disease • Visualization of specimens that contain naturally fluorescent substances or been stained with fluorescent stains/dyes |
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Confocal microscopes |
• sharper images • allows visualization of different planes of a specimen •image can be displayed three dimensionally with electronic scanning |
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Electron microscope |
• (EMs) 20th century instruments • (TEM transmission electron microscope) • Electron beam goes through specimen • two demensional images |
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Atomic force microscopes |
Advantage over standard SEM |
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What are the parts of the microscope? |
Oculars Objective lens Stage Substage condensor Fine/course focus knobs Illumination adjustment |
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Names given to organisms |
Species and genesis |
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Koch postulates |
Germ theory |
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Prokaryotes |
• Old • No nucleus • No membrane • 70s ribosomes |
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Eukaryotes |
• New • Nucleus • Membrane bound organelles 80s ribosomes |
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Louis Pasteur R |
Ended the controversy of microorganisms |
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Franscesco Redi |
Maggots from fly eggs |
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John needham |
• Turbity (method of growth) Used boiled broth for spontaneous generation (mold grew) • claimed victory for abiogenesis |
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Lazaro Spallanzani |
• Repeated needhams experiment without air access to the flask |
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Who created the swan-Necked flasks |
Louis Pasteur |
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Germ theory disease |
• Suspicion that microorganisms cause not only spoilage and decay but also infectious disease |
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Oliver Wendell Holmes |
• Childbirth deaths linked to dirty hands of midwives or physicians |
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Ignaz Semmelweis |
• Linked maternity infections to contamination of hands. • Created chlorine wash |
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Joseph Lister |
• Expanded protocols w/aerosol disinfection. • introduced aseptic(not dirty) techniques |
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Robert Koch |
• Investigate of anthrax • Convinced of existence of infections microorganisms • Koch's postulates |
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Edward Jenner |
• Smallpox • Immunization |
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What did Louis Pasteur disapprove? |
Spontaneous generations |
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Koch's Postulates |
• The microbe must be present in every animal with the disease, and absent in healthy animals. • The microbe can be isolated and grown in pure culture outside the host • The cultured microorganism must cause the same disease in inoculated animals • The same microorganisms must then be isolated from the inoculated animal |
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Origin |
• The origin of microorganisms is described in geological time. • The rich fossil record of prokaryotic life suggests that microbes were perhaps the first living things on earth • |
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Evolution |
• Prokaryotes go back to 3.5 to 4 billion years • Eukaryotic life goes back to 2.2 billion years |
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Taxonomy |
Formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living organisms |
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Who created taxonomy? |
• Linnaeus (giving everything 2 names) |
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Taxonomy class |
• Domain •Kingdom •Phylum •Class •Order •Family •Genus •Species •Strain •Archae |
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A number after genus and species is called? |
A strain |
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Where does archaea normally live? |
In salt & hot temperatures |
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What are the Genus bacterias? |
• Enterobacter • Escherichia •Klebsiella • Proteus • Salmonella • Serratia • Shigelia •Yersinia |
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How many names does each organism have? |
Two names. Genus and species |
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How are scientific names written? |
Italicized or underlined |
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Genus are? |
Capitalized |
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Species are in |
Lowercase |
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What are the three domains? |
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya |
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Micro & Species interactions |
Mutualism Commensalism Synergism Parasitism |
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What is the bacteria that works with us? |
Norma Flora |
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Etiology |
Foodborne Waterborne Airborne |
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Food production |
Yogurt and bread |
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Alcoholic beverages |
Wine and beer |
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Treatment of water supplies |
Indicators organism |
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Pharmaceutical agents |
Penicillin |
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Agriculture |
Soil microbes, nitrogen cycle |
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Bioremediation |
Petroleum-digesting bacteria |
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Energy |
Fuel cells, ethanol, methane |
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Forensics |
Medicine, criminal justice, epidemiology, bioterrorism |
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Classifications of prokaryotes |
Archaea, bacteria |
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Classifications of Eukaryotes |
Algae, fungi, protozoans |
