Micro

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Amplicon

Back 1

The final product of PCR containing the target sequence of interest; this short, discrete DNA molecule is defined at each of its four ends by the primer sequences used in the amplification.

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Anneal

Back 2

The process by which oligonucleotides "attach" to targeted DNA sequence

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Autoradiograph

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the image formed on x-ray firl resulting from the radioactive emissions of 32P

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Complementary

Back 4

Certain nucleotidases that align opposite each other in the two strands of DNA

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Cycle

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A set of three different temperature settings, preformed sequentially, for DNA denaturation primer anealing, and primer extension.

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DNA amplification

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Theprocess by which a single molecule of DNA is manipulted to increase its concentration exponentially.

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DNA polymerase

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A specific enzyme that catalzes the formation of additional strands of double-stranded DNA for the DNA template

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DNA template

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The starting ds DNA

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End labeling

Back 9

The addition of a radioactively labeled phosphate group to the 5' end of a oligonucleotide probe

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Extension

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The process by which primed DNA is synthesized by the action of Taq polymerase

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Genomic DNA

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DNA contained in a cell's chromosome

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Nucleotides

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Building blocks of the nucleic acids of which DNA is composed; four bases make up DNA

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Oligonucleotides

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Short strands of single-stranded DNA of defined sequence, less that 50 bases in length; examples are the primers and probes used in PCR

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PCR

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Polymerase chain reaction - a primer- mediated, temperature-dependent technique for the enzymatic amplification of a specific DNA sequence

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Primer

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A short DNA sequence that anneals to a specific area of the target DNA; DNA polymerase initiates synthesis from this point.

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Primer-dimer

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PCR product that is composed mainly of the primers used in the amplification; these products are formed independently of the DNA template and accumulate exponentially

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Probe

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in PCR, a radioactively labeled, single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide, usually 40-55 bases long, which is used to specifically identify complementary regions of the amplified PCR product.

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Taq Polymerase

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A heat-stable DNA polymerase isolated from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus

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Target DNA

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A sequence of known nucleotides specificaly chosen for amplification