Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acute illness in 50-90% patients with HIV presents with |
mild fever and sore throat; some have myalgias, lethargy, pharyngitis, arthralgias, lymphadenopathy, and maculopapular rash of trunk; lasts 3-14 days, complete recovery is rule
|
|
ELISA for HIV
|
>99% sensitivity, not completely specific
|
|
Western blot for HIV
|
sensitive and specific, but much more expensive; used as confirmatory test
|
|
p24 antigen
|
viral core protein produced by gag gene; presence denotes active viral replication
|
|
HIV DNA PCR is used when
|
infants born to HIV infected moms; maternal antibodies could complicate serologic diagnostic tests
|
|
exposures in healthcare to HIV infected blood that lead to infection
|
1 in 300
|
|
when does the probability of AIDS-related opportunistic infections rise sharply
|
CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells/mm^3; also level of viral load-may be more important than CD4+ count
|
|
what complaints from a previously healthy adult should raise the possibility of HIV infection
|
excessively dry skin, pruritus, seborrheic dermatitis with eczema folliculitis or psoriasis
|
|
Kaposi saroma characterisitcs
|
blue-violet palpable, nonpruritic, painless lesions
|
|
common early manifestations of HIV infection (also identify ppl at greater risk of soon dvlp AIDS)
|
recurrent mucocutaneous candidiasis, extensive oral aphthous ulcerations (canker sores)
|
|
Hairy leukoplakia
|
plaques of thickened mucosa on tongue and elsewhere in mouth; caused by EBV
|
|
standard assessments to decide when to start antiretroviral therapy
|
CD4+ <350 cells/mm^3; viral burden of 55,000; AIDS-defining illness
|
|
when should HIV pos infants be considered for prophylaxis
|
CD4+ <1500
|
|
P jiroveci
|
more frequent opportunistic infection associated with AIDS; 25-60%; fever, cough, SOB
|
|
esophageal infections with AIDS
|
usually candidiasis; can be from herpes viruses, herpes simplex, and CMV
|
|
herpes simplex in AIDS
|
recurrent skin infections, espcially perirectally
|
|
CMV and AIDS
|
disseminated disease with viremia; colon involvement-severe abdominal pain and diarrhea; eye infection-blurred vision, possible blindness
|
|
AIDS and diarrheal causes
|
CMV, other viruses; enteric gram-ned (salmonella, shigella); mycobacterial (avium); intestinal parasites (giardia, isospora, cryptosporidium, microsporidia); malignancies; HIV itself
|
|
pneumonia in AIDS
|
P jiroveci; pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae, enteric gram-neg rods; TB
|
|
Mycobacterium avium and AIDS
|
MAC organism; can cause pneumonia, more commonly disseminated disease in lymphoreticular organs and GI tract
|
|
symptoms of MAC
|
fever, night sweats, weight loss, enlarged liver or spleen, diarrhea; similar to fungal infection symtoms (histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis)
|
|
fever and headache in AIDS patient should make you suspect
|
cryptococcus neoformans-typically causes meningitis
|
|
Toxoplasma gondii and AIDS
|
multifocal infection in brain
|
|
JC virus and AIDS
|
progressive and fatal encephalopathy (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy or PML)
|
|
HIV nephropathy
|
proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, and kidney failure-may respond to antiretroviral therapy
|
|
wasting syndrome in AIDS
|
profound weight loss and concomitant loss of muscle mass; pathogenesis unclear, grave prognosis
|
|
what is Kaposi sarcoma associated with
|
human herpes virus 8
|
|
most common neurological problems in AIDS caused by
|
HIV itself
|
|
percentage of infants who aquire HIV if mother HIV positive
|
13-40%; can be <2% if mom treated during last two trimesters and delivery with antiretrovirals
|
|
what drugs target the retroviral-specific DNA polymerase
|
nucleoside alalogs like zidovudine, didanosine, and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibiots like efavirenz and nevirapine
|
|
fusion inhibitor
|
enfuvirtide; bloc viral adherence to target cells
|
|
HIV integrase
|
enzyme essential for integration of provirus into host chromosomeal DNA
|