Micro

Front 1

what is infection

Back 1

Infection is the grow of microorganisms in the body

Front 2

what is disease

Back 2

disease is an abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is incapable of performing normal functions.

Front 3

where is normal flora located

Back 3

Normal flora is skin, eye, nose, throat, mouth, large intestine urinary and reproductive system

Front 4

What is symbiosis

Back 4

Symbiosis is the relation between the normal flora and the host

Front 5

what are the types of symbiosis

Back 5

parasite
commensal
mutalism

Front 6

Koch’s postulates

Back 6

The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease, the pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in a pure culture,the pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal, the pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism.

Front 7

what is the exception to koch

Back 7

some bacteria have unique requirements, some bacteria must grown in artificial media, a human host exhibits certain signs and symptoms associated with a certain pathogen and its disease, some pathogens can cause several disease conditions, some cause disease in only human hosts.

Front 8

what is prevalence

Back 8

Prevalence is the number of people in a population who develop the disease at a specific time, regardless of when it first appeared

Front 9

what is occurance

Back 9

when it occurs, like the season.

Front 10

what is sporadic

Back 10

if a disease occurs only occasionally

Front 11

what is endemic

Back 11

disease constantly in a population

Front 12

what is epidemic

Back 12

when many people acquire a certain disease in a relatively short period of time

Front 13

what is pademic

Back 13

epidemic that occurs worldwide

Front 14

what are the period of disese development

Back 14

incubation
prodromal
illness
decline
convelance

Front 15

what are 3 disease reservoirs

Back 15

human
animal
nonliving (soil and water)

Front 16

what are 3 types of contact transmission of a disease

Back 16

indirect
direct
droplet

Front 17

what is indirect transmission

Back 17

agent of disease is transmitted from the reservoir to host by means of non-living objects

Front 18

what is direct transmission

Back 18

person to person contact, physical contact

Front 19

what is droplet transmission

Back 19

droplets are spread, only travel short distance

Front 20

what are three types of vehicle transmission of a disease

Back 20

waterborne
airborne
foodborne

Front 21

waterborne transmission

Back 21

pathogens spread by untreated water or poorly treated sewage

Front 22

airborne transmission

Back 22

spread of agents by droplet that travel more than 1 meter from the host. Staphylococci and Streptococci

Front 23

food borne transmission

Back 23

transmitted in foods that aren’t cooked well enough, poorly refrigerated, or prepared in unsanitary conditions. Tapeworm infection

Front 24

three conditions that lead to noscomial infections

Back 24

microrgan in hospital
compromised host
chain of transmission

Front 25

what are 3 portals of entry

Back 25

mucous membrand
skin
parenteral

Front 26

What is meant by ID50 and LD50?

Back 26

ID50 is the infectious dose of 50% of the sample population; LD50 is the lethal dose for 50% of the population

Front 27

What is ment by adherence? Why is this important?

Back 27

It is attachment for pathogens; it is a necessary step in pathogenicity.

Front 28

Ways that pathogenic organisms penetrate evade or defeat host cell

Back 28

capsule
cell wall componets
enzymes
antigenic variation

Front 29

how can organ pentrate by capsule

Back 29

increases virulence of the species, impairs phagocytosis of host

Front 30

how can organ pentrate by cell wall componets

Back 30

mediates attachment to epithial cells of hosts, can use fimbrae

Front 31

how can organ pentrate by enzymes

Back 31

coagulase- coagulate fibrin in blood, kinase- break down fibrin and digest clots, Hyaluronidase- hydrolyses acid

Front 32

classifcation of infectios disese

Back 32

signs and symp
ability to spread
occurance and range
duration

Front 33

local infection

Back 33

pathogens are limited to a small area of the body

Front 34

focal infection

Back 34

systemic infection that began as a local infection

Front 35

primary infection

Back 35

acute infection that causes intial illness

Front 36

secondary infection

Back 36

opportunistic infection after a primary infection

Front 37

subclinical disease

Back 37

no noticable signs or symptoms

Front 38

disese duration

Back 38

acute
chronic
subacute
latent

Front 39

how does ruputure of cells happen

Back 39

intracellular microrg

Front 40

bacterial toxin

Back 40

endotoxin
exotoxin

Front 41

endotoxin

Back 41

secreted
protein
act on host cell
bind to host and change behavior

Front 42

exotoxin

Back 42

not secreted
cell wall of gram (-)
not protein
lipidpolysac- outer cell membrane

Front 43

a-b toxin

Back 43

two subunits
lots of examples
"b" binds to toxin membrane
"a" is toxic

Front 44

membrane disrupting

Back 44

disrupt phospolipid
form non-specfic protein pore

Front 45

super antigens

Back 45

non specfic antigen
cytokines are released, causes body to overact

Front 46

tumor necrosis factor

Back 46

released from phagocyotosis, cause massive dialation of capillary

Front 47

once in a cell how can damage occur

Back 47

host anabolism stop
cytocidal virus may cause release of lyosomial contents
causes host to self-digest
inclusion
transformation
change surface host