• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/12

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

12 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Define

1. Mutualism
2. Commensalim
3. Pathogenicity
4. Virulence
5. Microbial Infection
1. State of infection where both host and microbe benefit.
2. State of host-microbe interaction that does not result in host damage.
3. Capacity of a microbe to cause damage to a host.
4. Defines the level of pathogenicity
5. Colonization of a host by a pathogen
Define

1. Primary Pathogen
2. Secondary Pathogen
3. Infectious Dz
4. Persistent Infection
5. Latent Infection
1. Can colonize a host with a normal immune response.
2. Can only colonize a host with a reduced immune response.
3. The clinical outcome of host damage by a pathogen after a threshold amt of damage has occurred.
4. Infection w/o Dz symptoms. (like in a Carrier that may/may not shed the Dz, but has no symptoms)
5. A type of persistent infection associated with cell/tissue damage still with the absence of symptoms
What is a Saprophyte?
A pathogen which lives from Dead Organic Material (including necrotic tissue)
What are Koch's Postulates?
1. The same organism must be present in every clinical case.
2. This organism must be isolated as a pure culture.
3. The isolated organism must be able to reproduce the Dz
4. The same organism must be re-isolated from the reproduced Dz.
What types of barriers do hosts have against pathogens:
Mechanical barriers?
Chemical barriers?
Microbiological barriers?
MECHANICAL
Tight jnxns - Skin, Gut, Lung, eyes/nose
Logitudinal flow of air/fluid - Skin, Gut
Movement of mucus by cilia - Lung

CHEMICAL
Antibacterial peptides - Skin, Gut, Lungs, eyes/nose
Fatty Acids - Skin
Low pH and Enzymes - Gut
Salivary Enzymes - eyes/nose

MICROBIOLOGICAL
Normal Flora - Skin, Gut
What is the voyage of a pathogen?

Where do pathogens stop and multiply/colonize?
Adhesion
Invasion (uptake by epithelials)
Translocation (spread to subepithelium)
Dissemination to Lymph Nodes
Dissemination to Reticulo-Endothelial Organs
Septicemia

Once penetrate into subepithelial space --- induce Inflamm Response --- may (purposely) be taken by M-Phages (trojan horse)
Multiply/Colonize at EVERY one of the steps above - different bacteria stay at different areas.
Host Defense Mechs
What are they key steps in:
1. Innate Immunity?
2. Early Induced Response?
3. Adaptive Response?
1. 0-4 hrs Taken care of by normal flora, fatty acids, phagocytes

2. 4-96 hrs PAMPs - Inflammation - Effector Lymphocytes/Phages/Complement take care of infection.

3. Over 96 hrs Transport of Ag to Lymph tissue - B/T Recognition - Clonal expansion - Kill the Infection (Ab involvement)
Define Virulence Factors

Two major groups/function?
Microbial Molecules that support pathogen survival, multiplication, and spreading and/or are responsible for Dz

1. Colonization factors (fimbrial/non-fimbrial adhesions)
2. Toxins
(Ligands, Pore-Formers, Enzymes, A-B (active/binding) toxins, Contact Dependent INJECTION - just cool)
Exotoxins:

1. Composition?
2. DNA?
3. Origin?
4. Target?
5. Activity?
6. Immunogenicity?
1. Protein (heat-labile)
2. Plasmid, Phage, Pathogenicity Island
3. Secreted in medium/environment
4. Host cell surface (ECM, Membrane)
5. Intracellular
6. +++ Toxoid
Endotoxins:

1. Composition?
2. DNA?
3. Origin?
4. Target?
5. Activity?
6. Immunogenicity?
1. LPS (heat-stable)
2. Chromosomal
3. Outer membrane (vesicle blebbing)
4. Host cell surface (CD14, TLR4)
5. LipidA (pyrogenic) [Toxic]
6. + O-antigen [Immunogenic]
Name 5 modes of transmission
1. Aerosol
2. Fecal-Oral
3. Venereal
4. Vectors (any puncture)
5. Trans-placental/ovarian
List order of Host-Microbe interactions leading to an infection.

(12 Steps... basically the "voyage" from before)
1. Host encounters Microbe
2. Productive Interaction (Adhesion)
3. Potential Progression (Local Multiplication)
4. Invasion of epithelial barriers
5. Invasion of subepithelium (leading to inflamm response)
6. Uptake by phagocytic cell (trojan horse)
7. Intraphagocytic Survival
8. Local/Directed Dissemination
9. Dissemination to Lymph
10. Enter Blood
*Primary Bacteremia
11. Uptake by Reticuloendothelial Cells (Liver, Spleen)
*Secondary Bacteremia - Sepsis
12. Adhesion to endothelia in tissue - damage to tissues.