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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is on a Thayer Martin culture? what is it for |
chocolate agar with vancomycin (G+), colistin (G-), nystatin (yeast) and trimethoprim (proteus) so only niesseria grows |
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What does chocolate mean? |
heated blood |
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HIV genome? what are the 3 structural genes? What do they each encode? How is env formed? What is the purpose of its products What are genes required for viral replication |
diploid genome (2 molecules of RNA) -3 structural genes: env, gag, pol -env: formed from cleavage of gp160 to form envelope glycoproteins. gp120: attachment to CD4 t cell. gp41: fusion and entry -gag: gp24: capsid protein and p7 -pol: reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase -tat and rev (regulatory genes)
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HIV what synthesize dsDNA? what integrates into host genome? What does the virus bind early and late on T cells? What does it bind on macrophages? What gives immunity? slower course? |
reverse transcriptase synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome Virus binds CCR5 (early) and CXCR4 (late) coreceptor and CD4 on T cells. -CCR5 and CD4 on macrophages homozygous CCR5: immunity heterozygous CCR5: slower course |
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Antifungals: What class creates membrane pores? What class inhibits cell wall synthesis? What class inhibits lanosterol synthesis? What class inhibits ergosterol synthesis? What class inhibits nucleic acid synthesis |
polyenes: Amphotericin B and Nystatin echinocandins: caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin Terbinafine azoles 5-flucytosine |
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What enzyme to azoles inhibit? What enzyme does terbinafine inhibit? |
14-a-demethylase squalene epoxidase |
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Amphotericin B what does it bind? what does this do? |
binds ergosterol which forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes |
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Echinocandins drugs what does it inhibit uses? (2) side effects -what mechanism for one of them |
caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin -inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of B glucan -invasive aspergillosis, candida -GI upset, flushing (via histamine release) |
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Candida albicans morphology 20 degrees 37 degrees |
dimorphic -pseudohyphae and budding yeasts at 20 degrees -germ tubes at 37 degrees |
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Candida -immunocompromised -babies -women -IV drug user -random -treat: vaginal, oral/esophageal, systemic |
oral/esophageal thrush (neonates, steroids, diabetes, AIDS) vulvovaginitis diaper rash endocarditis in IV drug user disseminated chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis treat: azole for vaginal, fluconazole/caspofungin for oral/esophageal systemic: fluconazole, amphotericin, caspofungin |
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ToRCHeS mode of transmission, maternal manifestations, neonatal manifestations
Toxo |
cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meats -maternal: asymptomatic, lymphadenopathy (rare) -baby: triad of chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus and intracranial calcifications |
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Rubella |
respiratory droplets -rash, lymphadenopathy, arthritis baby: classic triad of PDA (or pulmonary artery hypoplasia), cataracts, and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash |
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CMV |
sexual contact, organ transplants -usually asymptomatic, mono like baby: hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, blue berry muffin rash |
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HIV
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sexual contact, needle stick -maternal: varies depending on CD4 -baby: recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea
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HSV |
skin/mucous membrane contact -maternal -baby: encephalitis, herpetic vesicular lesions |
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syphillis what stages most likely to infect fetus |
sex -primary and secondary most likely to infect fetus -still birth, hydrops fetalis, if kid survives, facial abnormalities (saddle nose, short maxilla, notched teeth), saber shins, CNVIII deafness |
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Enterobius vermicularis -common name -causes -life cycle -dx -treatment for pregos? |
pinworm -perianal itchiness -eggs from contaminated surface hatch in duodenum/jejunum and mature and mate in colon. At night females migrate out of the rectum to lay eggs in perianal skin scotch tape treatment: mebendazole, albendazole -pyrantel parmoate in pregnancy |
