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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are characteristics of Staphylococcus? |
-Gram Positive Cocci (.5-2 microns) -Facultative anaerobe -Immobile and capuslated -Colonies: Smooth, whole, butyrous, low convex profile. -Found in skin and mucous membranes -Carried by anterior nares. |
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What are some Staph species? |
-S. aureus (nares - >30% carriers) -S. lugdunensis: endocarditis => virulent (similar to S. aureus) -S. schleiferi: one of the more frequent clinical isolates -S. saprophyticus => UTI in sexually active females; novobiocinR (<16 mm) -S. epidermitis => most common skin contam |
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What is the Coagulase Test? |
-This test checks to see if a Staph produces protective fibrin in contact with blood. It can be done in a tube to look for visual or clumping, or a slide to observe the bacteria directly. PYR test looks for Staphs ability to hyrdrolize the PYR molecule. |
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What are some diseases caused by Staph? |
-Food poisoning, toxic shock, scalded skin syndrome, necrotizing pneumonia and boils. |
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Is staff noscomial? |
Highly, it is the most common hospital born infection. |
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What makes a person vulnerable to Staph? |
-grievous injury, surgery, prior infections, immundificencey, IV cathaters and pacemakers. |
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What is Staph protein A? |
-It binds the Fc portion of IgG and prevents coagulation. |
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What mediums are best for growing Staph? |
-SBA/MSA/CNA/PEA/chromagar. |
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What is the colony morphology of Staph? |
-Opaque, White or creamy orange--yellow, Smooth/entire/slightly raised/butyrus |
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What tests can by do the identify Staph? |
-Catalase+/PYR-/ Microdase-, Coagulase Test, Latex Aggultination for clumping factors and protein A. Hemolytic, Mannitol Fermentation (agar) DNAse + and thermostable endonuclease + => toluidine blue O agar. API ID32 STAPH / VITEK GPI Card / Microscan Rapid POS |
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What dose MRSA Stand for? |
Methicillin Resistant S. Aureus |
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What gene codes for Methicilln resistance in Staph? |
-mecA |
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How can mecA be identified? |
-latex agglutination assay for PBP2’ -PCR for mecA -Cefoxitin disk -Chromagar (with oxacillin) |
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What dose mecA encode for? |
-PBP2A = PBP2’ |
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How can MRSA be treated? |
Vancomycin/Linezolid/Daptomycin/Tigecycline |
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What is BORSA Staph? |
-BOrderline Resistant S. Aureus |
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What is MODSA (MODified) Staph? |
-Production of PBP other than PBP2’ -not significant. |
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What is VISA/GISA Staph? |
- Vancomycin/Glycopeptide Intermediate S. |
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What is hVISA Staph? |
-heterogenous VISA |
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What is VRSA Staph? |
Vancomycin Resistant S. Aureus |
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What are the first line drugs tested on a Staph sample? |
Penicillin (95% R – blaZ gene): β-lactamase test for sensitive organisms |
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What are the second line drugs tested on a Staph sample? |
Daptomycin |
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What dose the D-test look for? |
-The erm gene: MLSb |
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What dose the erm gene code for? |
-inducible Clindamycin resistance |
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How can Micrococcus be distinguihsed from Staph? |
-Small to medium colonies – white, tan, yellow, orange |
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How can Rothia mucilaginosa be distinguished from Staph? |
Diseases: |
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How can Alloiococcus otitidis be distinguished from Staph? |
-weak cat +, ox-, α-hemolytic, obligate aerobe |
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How can Aerococcus viridans be distinguished from Staph? |
Weak cat+/PYR+/LAP-; microaerophilic–slow growth |
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Blanck |
Blacnk |
