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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Actinobacillus actinomycetecomitans
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-gram neg
-found w/ actinomyces -Facultative anaerobe -bite wound/opportunistic Infections -tetracycline,chloramphenicol, penicillin |
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Eikenella corrodens
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-Gram Neg
-normal flora (respiratory tract) -opportunistic path - immunocomp. -assoc w. Human bite infect. Fist fights, oral trauma (dental Manipulations) -pit formation on blood plates =smells like bleach -Facultative anaerobe -Host Damage -perio disease -endocarditis -Penicillin=S -Ampicillin=S *Resistant to lots of others!! |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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-gram neg
-moist env., 42oC>>grow anywhere -use most org. compounds -opportunistic path. (burn pat.) >>nosocomial infec. -Host Damage = Endotoxin |
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Bordetella - In general
-Gram -Relationship to O2? -How many infectious species? -Name stages |
-Gram neg
-Aerobic -Infections = B. pertusis, B. parapertusis -need blood & nicotinamide -close contact susceptible Transmission -droplet resp tract secretion catarral stage -7-10d incubation -infectious! -develop cough paroxysmal stage -2 weeks post exposure -whoop cough (paroxysms) -less transmisscible Convalescent stage -2-4 weeks -assoc w. 2o infecN >pneumon, enceph., seizur. Pathogenicity: -PERTUSIS TOXIN! (adhesion and AB toxin) Gi, ncontrolled cAMP prod. -Lethal toxin—local tissue damage |
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B. pertusis
--Relationship to O2? -What need to grow? |
-Gram neg
-Aerobic -need blood and nicotinomide to grow. -only in humans—good candidate for vacc. |
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B. parapertusis
-Relationship to O2? -What need to grow? |
-Gram neg
-Aerobic Host Damage: -milder -only adhere to ciliated epithelial cells |
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Haemophilus influenzae
-major cause for? -Factors? -Evasion? |
-gram neg
-Aerobic, facultative anaerobe *******major cause meningitis Factor: *******need Heat-stable X-factor (hematin, hemin) *******Heat-labile V-factor (NAD, NADP) Evasion: *******Capsules(A-F) (B most virulent) |
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Haemophilus ducreyi
-How tell from other disease? |
-Gram neg
******chancroid (soft chancre) Africa, Asia ******Siphillus - Cancer hard and not sore. |
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Spirochetes (In General)
-Shape -Motion -Kind of flagella -some lack what? |
-Gram neg
-corkscrew motion -endoflagella -coiled ultrastructure, narrow -some lack LPS |
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Treponema pallidum
-What kind of major disease? -How Transmit? -Name the four stages -Larger incidence in who? -Lack this host dammaging thing? -Immunological test? |
- Gram neg
*****syphillis ******Primary stage – chancres -penetrN of mucosa, tears -highly infectious ******Secondary – rash ”pox” -flu-like, relapse a lot Latency stage – no manifestations ******Tertiary –organ destrucN -20-30 yrs after -gumma -neurological, cardiac complicaN |
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Treponema pertenue
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-Gram neg
-AKA: Yaws -non sexual -endemic: from flies (africa) -painless papules=enlarge & ulcerate |
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Treponema denticola and Treponema socranskii
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-gram neg
-normal flora (marg. Gingiva) --periodisease, calculus -peptidases, proteases |
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Vincent’s angina
-AKA? |
-Gram Neg
-Trench mouth --oral infecN, mixed F.necrophorum, T.vincentii |
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Borrelia
-type of dna -shape |
-Gram neg
-Spirchete -Lyme disease and relapsing fever |
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Lyme disease
-sypmptoms -Diagnosis |
-Borrelia. Burgdoferi, B. garnii, B. afzelii
-gram neg -Spirchete -Tick: 48hr -Symptomes: flu, late arthritus -Diagnosis: C6 Peptide test -Tx -doxycicline (early) -IV rocephin (late) |
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Relapsing fever
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-B. nermsii, B. turicatae, B. parkeri
-gram neg -Spirchete -Tick: min -high fever, subside, relapse |
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Leptospira interrogans
-disease name? -symptoms |
-gram neg
-Spirchete -Weil’s disease *****Hook Transmission -flood -urine: contaminate water -people die of fever -weil’s: serious form of infection -fatal: systemic infection Diagnosis -90% never diagnosed |
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Chlamydia
-Specificly find where? -What unique about membrane? |
-gram neg
-Spirchete -Only gram neg with no outer membrane and no muramic acid ***********energy parasites, obligate intracellular -most common STD -Elementary body & reticulate body (infect new cells) -Tx: tetracycl, doxyc., azithrmyc |
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Chlamydia trachomatis
-occure with what -culturing -where disease take place? -describe where found cellularly? |
-gram neg
-Spirchete *******Blindness (clam shell glasses) -STD: lymphogranuloma venerum -Often occur with Niceria Gonherea and can't tell difference without tests. -Can not be cultured on nonliving media -SALPINGITIS (fallopiantube), urethritis, cervicitis... infertility |
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Chlamydia pneumoniae
-Find in what population? |
-gram neg
-Spirchete -50% of humans, seropositive -Transmission: aerosol -atypical pneumonia in young adults b/c unlike Streptoccus pneumonia, there no phlem in lungs. |
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Chlamydia psittaci
-TransmN: |
-gram neg
-Spirchete -bird fever, parrot fever -TransmN: inhale dried bird feces -Very virulent, less than 10 d |
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Enterobacteriaceae
-two groups -O2 use? -where can they grow? |
-Gram neg
-Faculative anaerobe -Rods, stain pink -grow in simple media -Lac(+): lactose fermenter, β-galactosidase... red:McConkey -Lac(-):non-lactose fermenter White:mcConkey |
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Escherichia coli - ETEC
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-Gram neg
-Faculative anaerobe -Lac + ETEC –toxigenic... enterotoxin (plasmids) -Traveller’s diarrhea, Montezuma’s R -INFANT Diarrhea = fatal (dehydraN) -heat labile toxin (heat S) -same as cholera -heat stable toxin (heat R) |
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Escherichia coli - EPEC
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-Gram neg
-Faculative anaerobe -Lac + -pathogenic... major cause of infant Diarrhea -NO TOXINS!, INTIMIN (tight adhesin) -Pilus, adhesin factor |
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Escherichia coli - EHEC
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-Gram neg
-Faculative anaerobe -Lac + *******dysentary -Carrier : Cows -SHIGATOXIN (destroy GI epithel) -INTIMIN, Acid resistance |
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Escherichia coli - EIEC
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-Gram neg
-Faculative anaerobe -Lac + --Enteroinvasive... Dysentary (invaN of epithelil cells) -INVASION factor (cell-cell spread) |
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Escherichia coli - EaggEC
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-Gram neg
-Faculative anaerobe -Lac + -Aggregative -pediatric diarrhea |
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Escherichia coli - UPEC-UTI
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-Gram neg
-Faculative anaerobe -uropathogenic, Pfimbriae (adhes) |
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
-Who target? |
-Gram neg
-Faculative anaerobe -Lac + -opportunistic pathogen -capsule -burn wound infection |
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Salmonella
-gastroenteritis |
-Gram neg
-Faculative anaerobe -Lac Neg -extremely MOTILE -Normal flora of chickens (carrier) -fecal contamination of poultry prod -FOOD POISONING |
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Salmonella
-enteric fever |
-Gram neg
-Faculative anaerobe -Lac Neg -extremely MOTILE Carrier: Human -ingesN of human fecal material (improper sanitaN) -TYPHOID FEVER -invade mucosal barrier ******(diarrhea), enter bloodstream (bacterimia), phag by macrophag. -surv & mult in liver, spleen -release to bloodstream from gall blad to gut (stool) |
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Shigella
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-Gram neg
-Faculative anaerobe -Lac Neg -non-motil - little rockets *****bac dysentary -SHIGGA TOXIN>kill epith cells |
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Yersinia
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-Gram neg
-Faculative anaerobe -Lac Neg 1)sylvatic plague-rat, fleas, prarriedog 2)urban plague-bubonic plague (dead end host), pneumonic plague (pass-humanhuman) -These two have abdominal pain |
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Vibriocholerae
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-Gram neg
-Spread fecal oral rout -Rice water stool Pathogenisis: -pilin adherance -cholera toxin, ADP-ribosyltransferase cAMP --fluid loss Tx -Oral fluid replacement -electrolytes |
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Campylobacter jejuni
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-Gram Neg
-Non-enteric Food borne -curved, spiral rods -contaminated food -1st/2nd most common for diarrhea -(stomach inflammation, interstitial lining |
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Helicobacter pylori
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-Gram Neg
-Non-enteric Food borne --curved/spiral rods -human (fecal-oral) -peptic ulcers, cancer! (LYMPHOMAS) |
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Streptococci
-Gram? -Motility? -Spores? -O2? -catalase? -form one of two types of shapes? -Hemolytic activity (3 kinds) -Biochem test? |
-Gram +
-Non-motile -Non-spore forming -Chains or pairs -Catalase (-), do not decompose hydrogen peroxide (O2 and H2O) -Facultative anaerobes --α-hemolysis -partial lysis of RBC=green zone -β-hemolysis -complete hemolysis=clear zone -γ-hemolysis -no hemolysis -Biochem test -optochin=S (pneumoniae) -Bacitracin=S(pyogenes) |
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Streptococci pyogenes
-Gram? -Motility? -Spores? -O2? -catalase? -Group -Main reservoir -Symptoms -Biochem test -Treatment? |
Main reservoir = HUMANS
-TransmN= RESPIRATORY, direct contact w/ broken skin/mucosa -No catalase -Group A -β-hemolytic -bacterial pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media skin infecN: -NECROTIZING FASCIITIS = flesh eating -toxic shock synd Post infect sequelae -rheumatic fever (migrate, heart joints—endocarditis) Biochem Test: -bacitracin=S -antigen detecN (rapid strep test)=not that sensitive Tx & prev -penicillin (prev sequelae) |
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Streptococci pneumoniae
-Gram? -Motility? -Spores? -O2? -catalase? -hemolytic? -shape? -Who target? -Virulence factor? -Dx? |
-Gram pos
-Catalase neg -Faculative anaerobe - Lancet Shape diplococci --young children, elderly &immunocomp -α-hemolytic -polysacc capsule! Tx & prevenN -penicillin (some resistant) -POLYVALENT VACC (adults), for most capsular types |
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Viridans Streptococci
S. mutans -Where find? -Symptom? |
-oral cavity
-responsible for smooth surface caries -can lead to endocarditis in heart valve problems. |
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Staphylococci (In General)
-Gram? -Motility? -Shape? -Spore? -Catalase? -Name the two we need to know? -4 tests to differentiate?\ -Ab resistance? |
-S. aureus & S. epidermidis
-Gram pos -Non-motil -Grape cluster colony -non-spore -Catalase POS Dx coagulase activity: -traditional marker (identify s.aureus… fibrinogen-fibrin) Fermentation of mannitol (turn media yello) Sensitiv to antibiotic= NOVOBIOCIN Cell wall components—Techoic acid—adherence to mucosal surfaces Antimirob Resistance -Penicillin-penicillinase, β-lactamase -Methicillin-pen=R, producN of low-affinity penicillin binding protein -vancomycin-(until recently, all strains were=S)—S.aureus (D-ala, D-ala, changed to D-ala-D-lac (ser)) |
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Staphyloccus aureus
-Coagulase -Fermentation? -Sensitiv to antibiotic? -Cell wall components? -Most common of what kind of infection? -What symptom and how fast? -Resistance |
-Gram pos
-Coagulase + -Fermentation of mannitol (turn media yello) -Sensitiv to antibiotic= NOVOBIOCIN sensitive -Cell wall components—Techoic acid—adherence to mucosal surfaces -Most common cause of nosocomial infecN -Food poisoning from toxin, not infection (1-8hrs). Toxic shock give Scarlet fever. -Penicillin=R -Methicillin=R |
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Staphyloccus epidermidis
-Coagulase -Fermentation? -Sensitiv to antibiotic? -Cell wall components? -how infect -Virulence |
-Gram pos
-Coagulase neg -Fermentation- Mannitol neg -Sensitiv to antibiotic- Novobiocin sensitive -Cell wall components- Glycerol -infect via blood contamination (common for implants? -Low virulence |
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Lactobacilli
-Gram -O2 -shape -supplements needed -catalase -Fermentative metab -destributed in human? -Symptome? -What do resting cells do? |
-Gram pos
-anaerobic, aerotolerant -Rods (bacilli), chains, coccobacilli (football) -need supplements (nicotine, pantothetic acid) -CATALASE NEGATIVE Fermentative metab 1)homolactic = lactic acid only 2)heterolactic = lactic acid and etc 3)facultative heterofermenters =inducible enzymes (back and forth) -widely destributed in human body (colon, oropharynx, skin) -dental caries, deep carious lesion (acidic, anerobic) “caries marker organism” ENDOSPORES—resting cell, resistant to dessication |
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Bacillus
1-B. cereus 2-B. anthracis -shape -motility -CATALASE -Endospore? -Human dis? acquired from? -Two kinds of human disease? -Tx & control |
-Gram pos
-Rods, koch postulate -single, paired -non-motile -CATALASE POSITIVE -Human distibuiton, acquired accidentally -usu w/ herbivores (soil) -inoculation cutaneous (95%), inhalation (wohl’s order—spore lungs), ingestion (herbivores) Tx & control -penicillin, tetracyc, cipro Square ended bacillus, central endospore, no bulge |
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Clostridium
-gram -shape -does it form spores -catalase -O2? -Where find? |
-gram pos
-Rods -spore former -CATALASE NEGATIVE -obligate anaerobic -soil, water, GI tract, ubiquitous |
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Clostridium tetani
-main disease -how affect -motility -endospore appearance -Tx |
Gram pos
-tetanus toxin (A-B toxin) B:bind ganglioside neuronal membrane A:block resease of inhibitory neurotransmt. -disrupt neuromuscular junction -motile -terminal endospore (tennis) -penicillin |
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Clostridium perfringens
-main disease -how affect -motility -Diagnosis |
-Gram pos
-Gang green -Toxins are degenerative enzymes. Form gas pockets -non-motil -Gram-pos bacilli in stool |
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Clostridum botulinum
-Spores? -How affect infants? -Dammaging factor -Most common symptom -Tx? -Prevention- |
-gram pos rods
-Spores very heat resistant -infant botulism – honey w. spores GI tract colonized =failure to thrive =floppy-baby syndrome -Botulinum Toxin (A-B) -Food poisoning -Tx- penicillin -Prevention- Heat home canned goods |
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Corynebacterium
-AKA: C. diptheriae -spore? O2? -How dammage -Tx & prev. |
-Gram pos rod
-NON-SPORE -Obligate Aerobe -Exotoxin (A stop protein syn, B allow entry into cell) -Schick test: measure presence of spec neutralizing antibodies -intradermal admin -no rxn=neutralizing antibodies exist = immune -local edema w. necrosis = no neut antib = susceptible -(+) schick rxn= identify susc indiv -penicillin |
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Neisseriae
-It is the only of what kind of bac? -Oxidase |
-It the only pathogenic,Gram Neg, diplococci.
-Oxidase Pos -Non-motile -Aerobic, faculative anaerobic - |
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Neisseriae Meningitidis
-Transmission? -Adhearence to host? -Capsule? -Sypmtomes -Damage cause --Diagnosis? Tx & control? |
-Gram Neg, diplococci
-Oxidase Pos -POLYSAC CAPSULE -SerogroupA,B,C -Transmission respiratory secretions and lay dorment in carriers -Adherence via pili -Fever, rash, stiff neck -LOS and ENDOTOXIN -Diagnosis- intracell diplos in PMN Tx & control -Penicillin, chloramphen |
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Neisseria gonorrhaeae
-Transmission? -Adhearence to host? -Capsule? -Damage cause? --Diagnosis? Tx & control? |
-Gram Neg, diplococci.
-Oxidase Pos -Sex transmission -Pili (rapid variation) adhere to host -No polysacharide capsule -LOS and ENDOTOXIN -Diagnosis- intracell diplos in PMN |
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Rickettsiae
-Gram -Shape -Where find cellularly -Vector: -Reservoir: |
-Gram neg short coccobacilli
-OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR parasites -free in cytoplasm unlike Chlamydia -Vector: ticks (hard-shelled) -Reservoir: rodents, dogs, ticks Transovarian transmiN |
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Rickettsia rickettsii
-disease -vector -resivour symptoms Tx |
-Gram neg short coccobacilli
-OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR parasites Tx & control -tetracycline chloram -rocky mountain spotted fever -clinical manif from replican of bac in endothel cells of small blood vessles =RASH -fever, chills Reservoir: rodents, dogs, ticks Transovarian transmiN 24-48h |
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Rickettsiae prowezekii
-Gram -Shape -Where find cellularly -Vector: -Reservoir: Symptoms: Tx |
-EPIDEMIC TYPHUS
-Gram neg short coccobacilli -in nucleus “louse borne” Vector=body lice feces, squirrel fleas Resrv= man, flying squirrel NO Transovarian T -crowded unsanitary condN (famine, wars, disaster area) -epidemics, sporadically (SE) -RAPID ONSET OF high fever, headache, chills, rash (Not on palms or feet), anorexia (from overwhelm bacteremia) Tx & control -tetracycline chloram |
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Rickettsiae typhi
-Gram -Shape -Where find cellularly -Vector: -Reservoir: Symptoms: Tx |
-ENDEMIC/murine TYPHUS
-Gram neg short coccobacilli -in nucleus -Vector=rat fleas, cat fleas -Reserv=rodents, fleas Tx & control -tetracycline chloram |
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coxiella burnetti
-how unique from Chlamydia and Rickettsia -Unique symptome? |
Q fever
-Gram neg short coccobacilli -Intracellular division, can live outside cell. -Form endospore -inhilation -pneumonia and fever, and no rash |
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Mycoplasma pneumonia
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-No Cell Wall or gram stain\
-lots of cholesterol in membrane -Smallest living organism -Shape- star shape, fillamentous,Fried egg appearance -Number one bronchitis and pneumonia in young adults -Walking pneumonia- patient does not feel sick Tx: -No cell wall so no penicillin -tetracycline, erythrom |
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Mycoplasma hominis
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-No Cell Wall or gram stain
-In Cervix |
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Actinomyces
Nocardia is other one |
-Gram pos, non-spore forming rods
-not acid fast -Anaerobic --tongue, tonsillar crypts, gingival, dental plaque, normal flora -sulfer granules |
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Rhodococcus
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Actinomycete
-pleiomorphic coccobacillus -soil organism -facultative aerobe -cause abscess in immunocomp -lesions in lung Tx -multiple antibiotics (rifamp & erythromycin) |
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Streptomycetes
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-non pathogenic soil actinomycete
-produce all clinically useful antibiotics |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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-Acid fast
-Aerobic -Global impact -1/3 of world has TB -TB leading cause of death in HIV Tuberculin test: -skin test (+) = primary tubercle. -purified prot derivative = injected intradermally PPD skin test -delayed type response =prior infection Infection = No symptoms -Disease = Have lung symptoms |
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Mycobacterium leprae
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Obligate intracell parasite
-not cultivated on lab media -propagate in armadillos Tuberculoid leprosy -benign not progressive -few bac in tissue -(+)lepromin skin test -nerve damage, many T help cells Lepromatous leprosy (immunocomprimised patient) -progressive disease -nodular skin lesions -many bac in tissue -(-) lepromin skin test -many T suppressor cells -nerve damage |
